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Phytoplankton Community Stability as a Health Indicator of Whiteleg Shrimp in an Intensive Pond

Musa Muhammad, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

332--340

EN

The goal of this study was to examine and assess the stability of phytoplankton communities in connection to the different health status type of shrimp pond (healthy and diseased) in an intensive culture. The research was conducted in two ponds located in Probolinggo region, which had different health status until the eight week of harvest period. Several water quality variables and phytoplankton community composition were observed. Non-metric dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity were used to compare the phytoplankton community structure and water quality parameters in both ponds. In addition, the stability of phytoplankton community in these ponds was measured using species turnover rate, rate change of composition community, and community stability indices. The results showed that phytoplankton community structure and water quality factors between a diseased and healthy pond were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the phytoplankton community in the healthy pond was more stable than that of the diseased pond. Furthermore, ammonia and phosphate were found as the dominant factors affecting the phytoplankton community in the studied ponds.

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Marine Microalgae Assemblages of the East Java Coast Based on Sub-Habitats Representatives and their Relationship to the Environmental Factors

Mahmudi Mohammad, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Indahwati Analicia Dwi, Irmawati, Sukmaputri Nabilla Artanti, Prasasti Aisyah Lingga, Larasati Alfina Pagita, Sharfina Alma Alifah Syifa', Aldhiya Prayuda Rifqi, Mutiara Rahmi, Putri Septania Gita

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

268--281

EN

The East Java coast has biodiversity potential, including microalgae. Microalgae are primary producers for the aquatic ecosystem, whose distribution depends on water quality parameters and sub-habitat characteristics. The purpose of this study was to analyse and identify the microalgae, as well as environmental quality parameters based on sub-habitat characteristics in the northern part of the East Java coast, Indonesia. The research was conducted from March to June 2023. Sample sites were determined using purposive sampling techniques at nine sites located in Gresik, Lamongan, and Tuban coasts. Water samples were collected from various sub-habitats, including the water column, sediments, rocks, mangroves, artificial substrates, macroalgae, and water plants consisting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum). The obtained results depicted microalgae found were from Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Coscinodiscophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, and Zygnematophyceae. Bacillariophyceae dominated the community in all sites. The expected outcome of this study is to provide and complete the database of microalgae morphologically based on sub-habitat characteristics, particularly on the north coast of East Java, Indonesia.

3

A Multivariate Technique to Develop Hybrid Water Quality Index of the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia

Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Mahmudi Mohammad, Hutahaean Sarah Mega, Darmawan Arief, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

123--131

EN

Surface water resource, such as river, is constantly contaminated by domestic and industrial pollutants. In order to properly manage the water resource, a composite index for water quality assessment, such as water quality index (WQI), has been designed to monitor and evaluate the properties of surface water. However, this index is quite subjective in terms of determination of relative weights. A principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to reduce the dimension and subjectivity of water quality variables. The purpose of this study was to implement the use of hybrid PCA and WQI methods to assess and monitor the water quality of the Bengawan Solo River, which is located in Java Island, Indonesia. The result suggested that COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia were the main factors that determine water quality of the Bengawan Solo River. Furthermore, it was revealed that most samples from the river showed water quality status as slightly polluted. In addition to this, the seasonal variation of the PCWI values indicated a significant increase of water pollution in the Bengawan Solo River per year.

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Performance of Avicennia alba and Rhizophora mucronata as Lead Bioaccumulator in Bee Jay Bakau Resort, Indonesia

Mahmudi Mohammad, Adzim Aliyyil, Fitri Difia Helsa, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

169--177

EN

Mangroves are a crucial ecosystem in coastal areas and serve a significant ecological function. However, this ecosystem is under the continuous pressure of anthropogenic activities which create toxic contaminants, such as heavy metals. The presence of marine ports and electric steam power plants next to Bee Jay Bakau Resort (BJBR) Mangrove Forest may worsen the heavy metal pollution, especially in the case of non-essential metals like lead (Pb). The vegetation in mangrove ecosystems can help store and trap this contaminant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potency of the Avicennia alba and Rhizopora mucronata mangrove species, which dominate the mangrove vegetation in BJBR Mangrove Forest, as Pb phytoremediation agents. The samples were taken from the sediment, roots, stems, and leaves of the mangrove trees. The results showed that the Pb found in the sediment of these species ranged from 10.323 to 11.071 ppm, while the Pb concentration in the mangrove parts was less than 1 ppm with the order roots > stems > leaves. Furthermore, the statistical analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the Pb values across sites and species. Moreover, the BCF, BAC, and TF in this study were less than 1, making the observed mangrove species unsuitable for phytoextraction or phytostabilization.