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Green buildings in pursuit of healthy and safe human living environment

Vranayova Zuzana, Tkachenko Tetiana, Lis Anna, Savchenko Olena, Vranay Frantisek

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

204-211

EN

Emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of fuels in the energy production process and road traffic intensity are a key determinants of poor air quality in cities and the creation of an unfriendly environment for people to live in, which has a significant impact on their safety and health. The first step to reducing emissions is to reduce energy consumption. The ecological effect resulting from the thermal modernization of existing residential building stock was estimated. Nature-based solutions were proposed to compensate for the lost green areas in favor of gray infrastructure in the form of green roofs and walls. The possibility of improving environmental conditions by introducing this type of solutions into the urban tissue was assessed. Depending on the type of vegetation, one m2 of green cover is able to absorb an average of 2.3 kg of CO2 and 0.2 kg of particulate matter from the air per year. Renewable energy sources are an important element of green buildings. Heat pump may be the most advantageous solution in minimizing emissions combined with low operating costs. Obtaining energy from geothermal sources would be equally beneficial in terms of reducing emissions, but there are risks changes in groundwater levels or soil damage. Solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources, especially in hot water installations, where it is possible to reduce energy consumption by up to 50%.

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“Green structures” for effective rainwater management on roads

Hlushchenko Roman, Tkachenko Tetiana, Mileikovskyi Viktor, Kravets Vasyl, Tkachenko Oleksii

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 4

295--299

EN

Rainwater management is one of the important problems of cities. At very strong downpours, storm sewer systems may not capture the rainwater, which floods pavements and roadways. The water flushes fuel and oil traces after vehicles, fallen debris, and other pollutants, which will be moved to the ground, ponds, rivers, seas, etc. In past, the problems were solved using engineering approaches – a set of rainwater receivers, a duct network, and at best, wastewater treatment plants. Now, the sponge city concept is a better solution that uses a biotechnological way for throttling water flows, drainage, and purifying them. The work aims to improve the design of roads to fully absorb rainwater from them with maximum convenience for road users. We propose a design of roads using special “green structures” – rain-garden bands along the sides of roadways. We tested its ability of water capturing on the example of Kyiv city by matching the ability with the strongest precipitation observed. In addition, the proposed plants can extinguish the energy of bouncing cars during road accidents for the protection of pavements.

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The selection of plantings in the process of reclamation and revitalization of post-war damage to the natural environment in the Donbas area

Tkachenko Tetiana, Mileikovskyi Viktor, Ujma Adam, Tkachenko Oleksii

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2022

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Vol. 11

163--170

EN

People modify 56% of the Earth’s land. The world trend is changing from rapacious to considered influence such as green construction/production. Nevertheless, the terroristic war of the Russian federation against Ukraine causes the chaotic destruction and snowballing emissions from shell bursts and fires. Reclamation of land should attempt to repair the hugely dangerous influence of this, especially in the temporarily annexed lands of Ukraine. Donbas was one of the most stressed regions due to active mining and other industries, and contained more than 38% of Ukrainian damaged lands. The war deepens the situation. The most natural reconstructive measure is greening. The authors analysed the requirements for greening to gain the maximum benefits. Enduring and effective plant assortments were proposed for the region. For sanitizing the environment, experiments were performed with phytoncide activity using a photographic paper method. It was found and recommend that new phytoncide plants - Japanese quince (Chaenoméles japónica) and barberry (Bérberis) - were most effective.

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Field study of air quality improvement by a “Green Roof” in Kyiv

Tkachenko Tetiana, Mileikovskyi Viktor, Ujma Adam

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2019

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Vol. 1, nr 1

419--424

EN

Currently, a very big problem of cities in Europe and the world is air pollution with combustion products of car fuels, generation of heat and electricity. These impurities affect the microclimate of cities significantly. Pollution not only affects the area outside buildings, but getting into their interior through ventilation systems, which has an adverse effect on the indoor environment of buildings. High concentrations of CO 2, cause a weakening of concentration in working people, which affects the deterioration of safety and work efficiency. For assessing air quality improvement on “green roofs”, a field study of CO 2 content has been carried out on the “green roof” of a four-storey building, on a completely identical non-greened building, and on a highway with high-density traffic near them in Kiev. It was found that greening the roof significantly reduces the CO 2 content from 501 ppm on the road and 452 ppm on the roof without protection to 410-415 ppm. It improves the conditions in which people work and rest.

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The estimation and reduction of risks caused by air pollution in cities

Voloshkina Olena, Tkachenko Tetiana, Sipakov Rostislav, Tkachenko Oleksii

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2019

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Vol. 8 Nr 2

17--25

EN

The increase in summer temperatures is intensifying and causing the rise of air pollution by photochemical transformation. The main source of pollution in cities are vehicles. Calculations of a convective jet from the warm surface of intersections and overpasses have been performed and the secondary formaldehyde contamination by photochemical transformations was estimated. It was shown that the non-carcinogenic risk is significantly increased with the concentration. At temperatures above 30°C, the non-carcinogenic risk is more than 10 (significant) and requires in-depth studies of the harmful influences. Carcinogenic risk ranges from the median to acceptable and requires dynamic control and in-depth studies. Reducing the risk is possible by "green" design: "green" roofs, vertical greening, facade blocks, etc. Using phytoncide plants destroys the pathogenic microflora and improves the microclimate of the premises. Proposed is an assortment of plants suitable for medical and educational buildings within a continental climate area.

PL

Wzrost temperatur w lecie nasila się i powoduje wzrost zanieczyszczenia powietrza poprzez transformację fotochemiczną. Głównym źródłem zanieczyszczenia w miastach są pojazdy. Wykonano obliczenia strumienia konwekcyjnego z ciepłej powierzchni skrzyżowań i wiaduktów oraz oszacowano wtórne zanieczyszczenie formaldehydem przez transformacje fotochemiczne. W temperaturach powyżej 30°C ryzyko nierakotwórcze wynosi więcej niż 10 (znaczące) i wymaga dogłębnych badań dotyczących szkodliwości. Ryzyko rakotwórczości waha się od mediany do akceptowalnej i wymaga systematycznej kontroli i dogłębnych badań. Zmniejszenie ryzyka jest możliwe dzięki „zielonemu” projektowi: „zielone” dachy, pionowe zazielenienie, bloki elewacyjne itp. Zastosowanie roślin fitonitowych niszczy patogenną mikroflorę i poprawia mikroklimat przedwczesnych zmian. W artykule zaproponowano gatunki roślin odpowiednich do budynków medycznych i edukacyjnych w strefie klimatu kontynentalnego.

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Technology used in the creation of an inverted green roof using domestic building materials

Tkachenko Tetiana

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2019

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Vol. 8 Nr 1

77--84

EN

One way to create green areas in cities is the introduction of „green structures”: green roofs and terraces, vertical gardens and facades. The success of their operation largely depends on the cost and availability of the technology used to create such structures. The technology required to create an inverted intensive green roof from local building materials included: load-bearing structures; an inclined layer of expanded clay (fraction 5-10 mm); reinforced cement-sand screed; waterproofing euroruberoid; vapour barrier (UkrSpan film); heat insulation from extruded polystyrene foam; a barrier for roots made of glass fibre (VVG 400); drainage made from expanded clay (fraction 10-20 mm); a filtering layer made from thermo-bonded geotextile; substrate and plants (steppe variety of vegetation). The long-term experimental testing of the resultant roof did not reveal any irregularities in its functioning, which indicates the correct selection and construction of the roofing layers from the locally sourced building materials and the correct selection of plant substrate and range of plants used. The technology is found to be more economical when compared to a similar Germanused method.

PL

Jednym ze sposobów tworzenia zieleni w miastach jest wprowadzenie „zielonych struktur”: zielonych dachów i tarasów, pionowego ogrodnictwa, bloków elewacyjnych. Sukces ich działania w dużej mierze zależy od ekonomiki i dostępności technologii budowania. Udoskonalono technologię tworzenia intensywnego inwersyjnego zielonego dachu z krajowych materiałów budowlanych: konstrukcje nośne; nachylona warstwa glinki ekspandowanej (frakcja 5-10 mm); wzmocniony jastrych cementowo-piaskowy; hydroizolacja euroruberoid; paroizolacja (film UkrSpan); izolacja cieplna z ekstrudowanej pianki polistyrenowej; bariera dla korzeni z włókna szklanego (VVG 400); drenaż z keramzytu (frakcja 10-20 mm); warstwa filtrująca z termospajanej geowłókniny; podłoże; rośliny (stepowy rodzaj roślinności). Długoterminowe badania eksperymentalne uzyskanego dachu nie wykazały żadnych nieprawidłowości w jego funkcjonowaniu, co wskazuje na prawidłowy dobór i ułożenie pokrycia dachowego z rodzimych materiałów budowlanych; prawidłowość wyboru podłoża roślinnego i zasięgu roślin. Technologia tworzenia zielonego dachu z wykorzystaniem krajowych materiałów budowlanych jest bardziej ekonomiczna w porównaniu z podobną niemiecką.