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Study of the head and neck injury risk under impact conditions of the light UAV with a medium weight

Wang Jiaming, Li Zhigang, Lan Hiuqing, Cao Liying, Hao Zengtao, Bai Chunyu, Yang Zhen

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2023

Vol. 23, no. 4

art. e226, 1--21

The increased number of accidents involving UAVs striking people has caused great societal concern. Therefore, it is necessary to study the threat potential and severity of ground collision accidents of UAVs. This study analyzed the head and neck injury risk resulting from the impact of medium-mass UAVs. First, the finite element (FE) model of the M200-Hybrid III 50th dummy was established, in which the M200 itself had been validated against drop tests, and then the M200-Hybrid III 50th model was validated based on the experimental data of the M200 impacting on the dummy head. High consistency between the simulations and the experiments was observed. Second, simulations were conducted to analyze the head and neck injury severity at different impact speeds, angles, and locations of the M200. As the impact speed increases, HIC15 increases exponentially and Nij increases linearly. It is found that the critical speed range causing injury for both vertical and horizontal impacts is 7-9 m/s. As the impact angle increases, HIC15 varies in the form of the sum of an inverse proportional function and a linear function, and Nij increases in the form of the sum of power and quadratic function. In addition, the battery-first and the top of mainframe impacts lead to the highest probability of head and neck injury among different impact locations, while the landing gear-first is the lowest. Finally, a biomechanical model (THUMS) was incorporated to develop the M200-THUMS model to study the tissue-level injury of the head and neck under different impact conditions. The simulation results show that neck is prone to ligament injury under vertical impact, while the skull is more likely to be fractured under horizontal impact.