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Environmental response to climate changes in the Pleistocene : a selected evidence from Poland

Dzierżek Jan, Cabała Izabela, Kulus Bogusz, Lindner Leszek, Mitura Anna, Teodorski Artur, Ulbin Karolina, Marks Leszek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 2

145--157

EN

We review published data to explain climatic and environmental changes as recorded in the deposits and landforms of the Quaternary of Poland. A wide range of research methods have been used to reconstruct the environmental conditions at many sites and selected studies summarized here include those of interglacial palaeolake deposits at Ossówka and periglacial structures at Wierzchuca Nagórna (both in the Podlasie Region), a loess profile at Wąchock and sandy deposits in Korzecko (both in the Holy Cross Mountains), carbonate cementation forms at Reńsko (Wielkopolska Region), and well-preserved glacial landforms in the Dobrzyń Lakeland, Suwałki Lakeland and the Carpathians including the Tatra Mountains. The terrestrial record described is far from complete but it demonstrates that climate change in the Quaternary glacial and interglacial periods occurred with high frequency, varying intensity and cyclicity. Climate instability during cold phases of the Pleistocene is more evident, as expressed by terminal moraines in the Polish Lowland and in the mountains. In warmer periods, climatic instability was expressed mainly through high-resolution records. The examples provided from both cold and warm Quaternary phases clearly show climate changes as common and natural phenomena.

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Czwartorzędowe piaskowce i zlepieńce wapniste na Niżu Polskim : zarys problematyki i znaczenie geologiczne

Kulus Bogusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 4

405--408

EN

The products of carbonate cementation of Quaternary sediments in the Polish Lowlands are sandstones and calcareous conglomerates. Various concepts of their origin are suggested in the literature: from the leaching of calcium carbonate by meteoric waters down the profile under interglacial or Holocene conditions, to the cementation of sediments under the ice sheet or in the Pleistocene periglacial environment. Genetic reconstructions must take into account many factors influencing calcium carbonate precipitation in interglacial environments (activity of living organisms, water table fluctuations) and glacial environments (transgression and ablation of ice sheets, migration of glacial waters). This requires the use of research methods such as analysis of cements and detrital grains in thin sections, analysis of isotopic composition and dating of cements. Analysis of Quaternary sandstones and conglomerates as early diagenetic forms can be an important element in the interpretation of the diagenetic history of older formations.

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Evolution of Professor Leszek Lindner’s ideas on the Quaternary stratigraphy of Poland

Dzierżek Jan, Kulus Bogusz

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 3

289-–306

EN

This contribution characterises the stratigraphic schemes of the Quaternary as constructed and published by Leszek Lindner in 1967–2019. The oldest schemes assume the subdivision of the Pleistocene into three glaciations (i.e., Cracow, Middle-Polish and Baltic) separated by two interglacials (Great and Eemian). The scheme published in 1992 comprises eight glacial and seven interglacial units. The most recent scheme for the Quaternary contains seven advances of the Scandinavian ice-sheet on the area of Poland during the Nidanian (MIS 22), Sanian 1 (MIS 16), Sanian 2 (MIS 12), Liviecian (MIS 10), Krznanian (MIS 8), Odranian (MIS 6), and Vistulian (MIS 2–5d) glaciations. They are separated by six interglacials: Podlasian, Ferdynandovian, Mazovian, Zbójnian, Lublinian and Eemian. The ranges of glacial transgressions, and key interglacial and preglacial sites are assembled in a cumulative scheme for the area of Poland. We review the main study methods on which the subsequent versions of the stratigraphic scheme were based. These include Prof. Lindner’s own detailed field research in glaciated and extraglacial areas, and paleofloristic, paleontological and paleomagnetic studies of major interglacial sites carried out by numerous researchers, as well as thorough literature studies.