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Physiological properties of bacteria inhabiting polluted and unpolluted marine sandy beaches (Southern Baltic Sea)

Podgórska Beata, Mudryk Zbigniew Jan

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 1

15-26

EN

The occurrence of bacteria displaying particular physiological properties was studied in polluted (Sopot) and unpolluted (Czołpino) marine sandy beaches (southern Baltic Sea). All eight isolated physiological groups of bacteria were much more numerous in polluted than in unpolluted beach. In polluted beach, bacteria hydrolyzing uric acid (32.5 cells 10[^3] g[^-1] dry w. of sand) and ammonifying bacteria (32.3 cells 10[^3] g[^-1] dry w. of sand) were the most numerous, while nitrifying bacteria were the least numerous (0.014 cells 10[^3] g[^-1] dry w. of sand). In unpolluted beach, bacteria hydrolyzing uric acid (0.66 cells l0[^3] g[^-1] dry w. of sand) and reducing methylene blue (0.18 cells l0[^3] g[^-1] dry w. of sand) were the most numerous, while no bacteria producing hydrogen sulphide from organic compounds or bacteria decomposing urea were isolated. In both beaches, considerable differentiation in the distribution of physiological groups of bacteria was found in a horizontal profile i.e. from the water-line to the middle of beach ([similar to] 60 m). Data concerning horizontal distribution of the physiological groups of bacteria in the sand of the polluted beach show that the majority of those groups was most numerous in the dune. No clear regularity in the distribution of physiological groups of bacteria was found in the horizontal profile of the unpolluted beach. Results of the present study indicate differences in the distribution of the physiological groups of bacteria in the surface (0-5 cm) and subsurface (5-10 cm) sand layers. Generally, in both studied beaches all physiological groups of bacteria were much more numerous in the surface than in the subsurface sand layer. The exception were bacteria reducing sulphates which in the polluted beach were most numerous at the depth of 5-10 cm.

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Culturable microorganisms in sandy beaches in south Baltic Sea

Mudryk Zbigniew Jan, Podgórska Beata

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 2

221-231

EN

The abundance of culturable heterotrophic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes) and their spatial and vertical variability were studied in marine-bay ("Sopot") and open-sea ("Czołpino") sandy beaches (southern Baltic Sea). Among studied microorganisms, halotolerant (13.4 - 308.4 x 10[^3] CPU g[^-1] dry wt of sand) and limnotolerant (7.4 - 69.2 x 10[^3] CPU g[^-1] dry wt. of sand) bacteria predomi.nated in the sand of both beaches. Filamentous fungi, yeasts, and actinomycetes constituted only a slight percentage (0.2-3.0%) of all isolated heterotrophic microorganisms. The numbers of all studied microorganisms were much higher on marine-bay beach characterized by a high level of accumulation of organic matter (4.1 mg g[^-1] dry wt. of sand) than in the sand of the open-sea beach, where the content of organic matter was lower (1.9 mg g[^-1] dry wt. of sand). There were marked differences in the horizonatal profile distribution of heterotrophic microorganisms inhabiting marine-bay and open-sea beaches. In both studied beaches higher numbers of microorganisms were determined in the surface (0-5 cm) than in subsurface (5-10cm) sand layer.

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Enzymatic activity and degradation of organic macromolecules by neustonic and planktonic bacteria in an estuarine lake

Mudryk Zbigniew Jan, Skórczewski Piotr

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

3-14

EN

Neustonic (film layer -90 [mi]m, surface layer - 240 [mi]m) and planktonic bacteria (subsurface layer - 10-15 cm) participating in the processes of decomposition of organic macromolecular compounds, and their potential capability to synthesise extracellular enzymes were studied in a shallow estuarine lake (Lake Gardno - Baltic coast). The studied bacteria were capable of decomposing a wide spectrum of organic macromolecular compounds. Most bacteria inhabiting surface and subsurface water layers hydrolysed lipids, proteins and DNA. The microflora hydrolysing cellulose was represented by the least abundant group of organisms. Of the studied enzymes, alkaline and acid phosphatases, leucine arylaminase, esterase, and esterase lipase were synthesised most actively while [Beta]-glucouronidase ([Beta]Gl) and a-fucosidase ([alfa]Fu) were synthesized least actively. It can be clearly seen that enzymatic activity was stratified, and there were differences between studied water layers. Bacterial strains isolated from surface and subsurface layers were more active in synthesizing extracellular enzymes than bacteria inhabiting the film layer. Bacteria isolated from various parts of Lake Gardno synthesized the tested hydrolytic enzymes with a similar intensity.