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Szacowanie potencjału bioodpadów w przykładowej gminie

Kopeć Michał, Szewczyk Wojciech, Badach Elżbieta, Chwastek Michał, Dacko Mariusz, Płonka Aleksandra, Wojewodzic Tomasz

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

2023

T. 27, cz. 2

35--42

Krajowy Plan Gospodarki Odpadami 2028 stawia cele i zadania również w zakresie zapewnienia selektywnego zbierania bioodpadów od mieszkańców i zwiększenia recyklingu organicznego przez upowszechnianie kompostowania przez mieszkańców bioodpadów „u źródła”. Wytyczne Unii Europejskiej zobowiązują do sprawozdawczości i wskazują na dwie metody pozyskania danych: metodę pośrednią i bezpośrednią (w tym ankietę). Faktyczny pomiar wkładu do procesu recyklingu lub jego materiału wyjściowego nie zawsze jest możliwy, dlatego zwraca się uwagę na otrzymanie wysokiego poziomu wiarygodności danych. W roku 2023 podjęto próbę oszacowania masy bioodpadów i czynników mających na nią wpływ, w oparciu o próbę ankiet w gminie Słomniki. W gminie Słomniki było zarejestrowanych 3689 gospodarstw, z czego 2709 zadeklarowało prowadzenie kompostowania. Uzyskano 30 odpowiedzi grupy osób deklarującej kompostowanie oraz 15 odpowiedzi osób niedeklarujących kompostowania. Przeprowadzone badania ankietowe wskazują na duże zróżnicowanie szacowanej masy wytwarzanych bioodpadów zarówno w grupie w obu grupach. Istnieje duże prawdopodobieństwo niedoszacowania masy bioodpadów na poziomie gminy, obliczone z uwzględnieniem składu morfologicznego i masy wytworzonych odpadów. Niedoszacowanie masy bioodpadów może wynikać z praktyki mulczowania trawy, który to proces deklarowało co najmniej 20% ankietowanych.

National Waste Management Plan 2028 comprises goals and tasks also in the field of selective collection of bio-waste from residents as well as increased organic recycling by promoting composting of bio-waste by residents "at the source". European Union guidelines require reporting and present two methods of obtaining data: indirect and direct (including surveys). Actual measurement of the input or output from the recycling process is not always possible and therefore attention is paid to the high level of confidence in the data. In 2023, an attempt was made to determine the mass of bio-waste and factors which influence it, based on surveys in the Słomniki commune. In the Słomniki commune 3689 farms were established, of which 2709 declared composting activities. There were 30 responses of groups of people declaring composting and 15 responses of people who did not declare composting. Conducted survey researches showed high diversity of estimated mass of bio-waste generated in both groups. There is high probability of underestimating the mass of bio-waste at the municipal level, calculated taking into account the morphological composition and mass of waste generated. The underestimation of the mass of bio-waste may result from grass mulching practices, which were declared by at least 20% of respondents.

Management of technical infrastructure development at communes in the Małopolskie Province in terms of sources of financing

Chwastek Michał, Badach Elżbieta, Strojny Jacek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2021

z. 151

99--114

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the relation between the level of selected financial indicators and changes in ownership of selected elements of technical infrastructure at rural communes in the Małopolskie province. Design/methodology/approach: The study was based on the data obtained from resources of Statistics Poland and the financial statements of local self-government institutions. Each of the 121 rural communes in the province was characterised with four indicators regarding their financial management. Subsequently, communes were classified using Ward’s method into five groups with a uniform set of identified features. Next, each cluster was subject to detailed analysis in terms of changes in ownership of selected elements of technical infrastructure with a concurrent review of financing sources of such changes typical for a given group. Certain patterns of financial management focused on technical infrastructure improvement in a given commune were thus identified. Findings: The study presents the status of selected network infrastructure as well as components and structure of income of rural communes in the Małopolskie province. On the one hand, communes with the highest population density have the largest economic potential, but on the other, they have significant requirements with regard to technical infrastructure. An important driver for technical infrastructure development are aid funds, including EU funds. Communes with a comparable potential may follow different strategies with regard to investment and financing of deficit. The status of infrastructure and financial standing of a commune are shaped in multi-annual process. Research limitations/implications: The analysis was performed for the entire population. A more detailed approach would require information on the criteria for selection of the type and scope of investment projects. It would also be appropriate to analyse the financial and economic effectiveness of individual projects. Practical implications: The contents of the analysis and conclusions will be useful for persons responsible for management at commune level. Identification of the impact of individual factors on the development of technical infrastructure will enable a more conscious and responsible commune management. This material will surely be found useful by groups focused on local growth planning and management, including distribution of aid funds. Social implications: The article will have a positive impact on local development, because it will contribute to more reasonable commune management. The awareness of the existing mechanism will also enhance the professionalism of local consultative groups, which represent the community during public consultations regarding planned actions of the local self-government authorities. Originality/value: The diagnosis of the conditions for infrastructure development in terms of finances of communes is a valuable source of expertise for management personnel.