Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Współczesne materiały konstrukcyjne w rekonstrukcji zabytków na przykładzie wieży kościoła św. Jana Chrzciciela w Legnicy

Dobrowolski M., Medeksza S.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2009

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Nr 26

627-636

PL

Przy odbudowie spalonej barokowej wieży kościoła zastosowano po raz pierwszy w Polsce konstrukcję stalową hełmu wieży oraz nietypowe wzmocnienia osłabionej pożarem konstrukcji murowej wieży. Trzydziestoletni okres eksploatacji potwierdził prawidłowość przyjętych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych.

EN

The first time, it employ construction of helmet of steel tower at baroque reconstruction incinerated tower of church in Poland and non-typical reinforcements fire of construction receded masonry tower. 30 years old period of exploitation has confirmed correctness of accepted design solution.

2

Pomnik komemoratywny Kommodusa z domu H21c w Marinie El-Alamein

Czerner R., Medeksza S.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2008

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Nr 23

17--35

PL

Jednym z najbardziej niezwykłych reliktów architektonicznych, mających wyjątkowo dekoracyjną formę, jest pomnik komemoratywny poświęcony Komodusowi odkryty w domu H21c w trakcie wykopalisk w Marina El-Alamein. Dom ten znajduje się w północnej części miasta, niedaleko centrum. Został znaleziony podczas wykopalisk ratowniczych w Egipcie w późnych latach 80. XX w. Działania polsko-egipskiej misji archeologicznej rozpoczęły się na tym obszarze w 2000 roku. Fragmenty pomnika były stopniowo odkrywane od samego początku wykopalisk. W roku 2007 misja ukończyła anastylozę oraz częściową rekonstrukcję pomnika komemoratywnego. Ta praca zakończyła projekt rozpoczęty w roku 2001 i stopniowo kontynuowany w ciągu kilku następnych sezonów. Pomnik znajduje się w Sali głównej domu H21c, usytuowanej na głównej osi na południe od głównego dziedzińca. Został dodany do .ściany zachodniej i ustawiony na istniejącej już posadzce. Część pomnika zachowana in situ obejmowała .ściany cokołu, które zajmowały dwa kwadratowe „sześciany” o wymiarach 425 × 198 cm i wysokości 71 cm. Inne odkryte relikty obejmowały liczne dekorowane elementy architektoniczne: fragment bębnów kolumn, gzyms z zębnikami, kapitel pseudokorynckiej kolumny w stylizowanej formie typowej dla Mariny, i podobny do kwadratowego pilastra. Wszystkie te elementy miały zbliżone wymiary, co dowodziło, że pochodziły z jednej niezbyt wysokiej konstrukcji. Szczególnie interesujący jest otynkowany bęben kolumny pomalowany w kwiatowe motywy, odkryty w 2001 roku. Został on wkrótce poddany konserwacji dla celów przyszłej wystawy muzealnej. Znaleziskami, które pozwoliły na zinterpretowanie wszystkich reliktów jako części pomnika komemoratywnego, były dwie częściowo zachowane marmurowe tablice z fragmentami greckiej inskrypcji, odkryte w 2000 roku, tuż nad podłogą sali. Inskrypcja jest wyryta na cynowej (?) bocznej powierzchni tablic. Jej interpretacja zaprezentowana przez Adama Łajtara pokazuje, że inskrypcja opisywała pomnik komemoratywny poświęcony Komodusowi (a tak- że w pewnym sensie jego formę), co pozwala na bardzo precyzyjne datowanie go na lata 180-191 A.D., a najprawdopodobniej na lata 180-183 A.D. Układ pomnika został zrekonstruowany na podstawie analizy zachowanych elementów architektonicznych oraz studiów porównawczych. Na cokole cztery kolumny tworzyły kiedy. portyk wraz z dwoma wbudowanymi kwadratowymi pilastrami na tylnej ścianie. Pierwotnie każda kolumna składała się z czterech bębnów, z których trzy dolne mierzyły po 53 cm wysokości, a ostatni z wierzchu 45 cm wysokości; średnica bębnów wahała się od 31 cm przy podstawie do 29 cm pod kapitelem. Zatem kolumny mierzyły 267,75 cm wysokości, co równa się dokładnie 17 modułom, z których każdy był równy połowie .średnicy przy podstawie. Kolumny nie były zwieńczone belkowaniem, lecz tylko związane drewnianymi belkami tuż pod kapitelem. Architrawy dwóch fascii i gzyms z zębnikami powyżej, ale bez żadnego fryzu pomiędzy, były jedynie wbudowane w tylną .ścianę i powyżej engaged pilastrów. Według tej teoretycznej rekonstrukcji została wykonana rzeczywista anastyloza zachowanych elementów, jak i częściową rekonstrukcja portyku i cokołu. Objęła ona trzy z czterech kolumn i jeden wbudowany w ścianę pilaster. Dwie kolumny i pilaster zostały odbudowane do pełnej wysokości (jeden kapitel kolumny zrekonstruowano), trzecia kolumna tylko do jednej czwartej wysokości, a z czwartej kolumny i pozostałego pilastra zostały zrekonstruowane tylko bazy. Znaczna część ściany również została odrestaurowana jako tło dla pomnika. To pozwoliło na zrekonstruowanie i umieszczenie na niej i na pilastrze architrawu z nowego bloku wapienia. Nastepnie umieszczono na architrawie oryginalne elementy zębnikowego gzymsu.

EN

One of the most remarkable architectural relics discovered at the site of Marina El-Alamein and having very decorative form is the Commemorative Monument to Commodus in the house H21c. This house is located in the northern part of the town near its centre. It was found during the safeguarding Egyptian excavations in the late 1980s. The activities of the Polish-Egyptian Preservation Mission started in this area in 2000. The vestiges of the monument had been progressively uncovered since the very beginning of the excavations. In 2007, the Mission completed anastylosis and partial reconstruction of the Commemorative Monument. This work finished the project which started already in 2001, and which progressed gradually over the past few seasons. The Monument is located in the main hall of house H21c, situated in its main axis south of the central courtyard. It was added to its western wall on the already existing paved floor. The part of the monument preserved in situ consisted of the walls of the podium, occupying two square “cubicles” measuring 425 × 198 cm, and 71 cm high. Other discovered relics included numerous decorated architectural elements: fragments of column drums, cornice with dentils, a column capital of pseudo-Corinthian stylized form typical of Marina, and a similar one of a square pilaster. All these elements correspond in size, proving they derive from one, not very high structure. Particularly interesting is a plastered column drum covered with painted floral decoration, excavated in 2001. It soon underwent conservation for future museum exhibition. The findings that allowed the interpretation of all the relics as parts of a commemorative monument were two fragmentarily preserved marble plaques with fragments of a Greek inscription, discovered in 2000, just above the hall floor. The inscription is carved on the tin side surface of the plaques. Its interpretation, presented by Adam Lajtar, shows that the inscription described a Commemorative Monument to Commodus (also in a way its form) and it allows for a very precise dating back to the years 180-191 A.D., and most probably 180-183 A.D. The arrangement of the monument was reconstructed basing on the analysis of preserved architectural elements and comparative studies. On the podium four columns had once formed a portico together with two engaged square pilasters in the back wall. Originally, each of the columns consisted of four drums, the three bottom ones 53 cm high, the last one on top 45 cm high; the diameter of these drums varied from 31 cm at the bottom to 29 cm at the capital. Columns were thus 267.75 cm high that is exactly 17 modules, each equalling half of the diameter at the base. The columns were not surmounted by entablature, but only tied together by wooden beams just beneath the capitals. The architraves of two fasciae and cornice with dentils above, but no frieze in between, were only built in the back wall and above the engaged pilasters. According to this theoretic reconstruction, the actual anastylosis of the preserved elements, and thus partial reconstruction of the portico and the podium, has been carried out. It included three of four columns and one engaged pilaster. Two columns and a pilaster have been re-erected to the full height (one column capital reconstructed), the third column only to one-fourth of its height, and only the bases have been reconstructed of the fourth column and the other pilaster. A substantial part of the wall has also been restored as a backdrop for this monument. This permitted an architrave made of new limestone to be reconstructed on it and the pilaster. Original elements of the dentil cornice were then mounted on the architrave.

3

Marina El-Alamein. Polsko-egipska misja konserwatorska

Medeksza S., Czerner R., Zambrzycki P., Fuks-Rembisz I.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2007

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Nr 22

10--18

PL

W okresie od 15 kwietnia do 30 maja 2007 roku, w Marina El-Alamein, na terenie wczesnorzymskiego miasta, trzynasty sezon pracowała polsko-egipska misja konserwatorska w składzie: Stanisław Medeksza, Rafał Czerner, Wiesław Grzegorek i Małgorzata Krawczyk-Szczerbińska - architekci, Grażyna Bąkowska i Monika Więch - archeolodzy, Piotr Zambrzycki Joanna Lis i Irma Fuks- Rembisz - konserwatorzy kamienia i rzeźby, Janusz Skoczylas i Małgorzata Mrozek-Wysocka - geolodzy. Stronę egipską reprezentował dyrektor Marina El-Alamein Mahmud Jasin, inspektorka Nama Sanad Yakoub oraz konserwator Achmed Rashad Ahmed, którym składamy podziękowania i słowa uznania za pomoc, jaką starali się okazywać nam w czasie trwania sezonu.

EN

In the period from 15 April to 30 May 2007, at the Marina El-Alamein, in the Early City, thirteenth season worked Polish-Egyptian mission Conservation composed Stanislaw Medeksza, Rafal Czerner Wieslaw Grzegorek and Małgorzata Krawczyk-Szczerbinska - architects, Grazyna Bąkowska and Monika Więch - archaeologists, Peter Zambrzycki Joanna Fox and Irma Fuks-Rembisz - stone and sculpture conservators Janusz Skoczylas and Margaret Mrozek-Wysocka - geologists. Egyptian Party was represented by director Marina El-Alamein, Mahmoud Yasin, Provincial Nama Sanad Yakoub and restorer Ahmed Rashad Ahmed, which our thanks and words of appreciation for the help I have tried to show us during the season.

4

Marina el-Alamein. Prace badawcze i konserwatorskie w sezonie roku 2000

Medeksza S.

Architectus

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2001

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Nr 1-2(9-10)

3--17

PL

W okresie od 27 marca do 30 maja 2000 r., w Marinie el-Alamein, na terenie wczesnorzymskiego miasta, szósty sezon pracowała polsko-egipska misja konserwatorska. Przedmiotem prac misji jest zespół reliktów domów mieszkalnych pochodzących z okresu grecko-rzymskiego oznaczonych na planie numerami H9 i H9a; H10, HlOa, HlOb oraz H21c, a także hypogeum T6 (ryc. 1). Miasto wraz z jego nekropoliami funkcjonowało w długim okresie od II w. p. n. e. do VI w. n. e. [4, s. 12], [14, s. 82-88]. Pierwszą fazę budowy domów mieszkalnych można datować na koniec I i na II wiek [14, s. 82-88], [ 18, s. 117-154]. W późniejszym okresie były one wielokrotne przebudowywane. Obecnie dostępne relikty architektury, które są przedmiotem naszych badań i prac konserwatorskich, pochodzą z prze-łomu II i III w.2 i później. Coraz więcej zabytków potwierdza słuszność takiego datowania struktur. Wskazują na to zabytki malarstwa ściennego z domu H10 i okolic oraz inskrypcja poświęcona Kommodusowi z domu H21 c. W niewiele zmienionej formie domy te funkcjonowały co najmniej do IV wieku [16, s. 51-62]. Inne zabytki, na przykład bazylika chrześcijańska, umożliwiają przesunięcie daty funkcjonowania miasta poza IV w. [11, s. 47-58], może nawet do czasu najazdu arabskiego na Egipt w 641 r. Zniszczenie układów pierwotnych nastąpiło na skutek trzęsienia ziemi, pożarów lub wojny. Pozostały po tych wydarzeniach warstwy spalenizny; mury i kolumny natomiast w wielu miejscach zachowały się przewrócone do pozycji poziomej w niezmienionym, choć rozluźnio-nym układzie wątku. W ostatnim czasie uchwycono w paru miejscach pierwotny poziom zabudowy. W domach HlOa i H9b oraz pierwszy poziom użytkowy ulicy przy wejściu do domu H10 jest około 0,76-1,00 m niższy od poziomu kamiennych posadzek domów z końca II oraz przełomu III Z roku na rok rozszerzamy zakres swojej działalności na terenie miasta. Dotyczy to zarówno prac badawczych, jak i konserwatorskich. Rozpoczynaliśmy zabezpieczenia domów H9 i H9a. Obecnie zostały również włączone zespoły H10, HlOa, HlOb (ryc. 2); są one usytuowane w południowej, dom H21c natomiast w północnej części antycznego miasta. Ponadto zajęliśmy się konserwacją i częściową rekonstrukcją grobowca T6, który znajduje się w zachodniej części południowo-zachodniej nekropoli. W sezonie 2001 roku planujemy rozszerzenie prac na inne obiekty, których relikty znajdująsię w centrum administracyjnym miasta oraz bazylikę usytuowaną na przedmieściu południowo-wschodnim .

EN

The Polish-Egyptian Conservation Mission, directed by the author, has been working in Marina el-Alamein for the sixth season, in the location of an early Roman town. The subject of conservation works is a complex of house relics together with the furnishings originating from the Greek-Roman period. The dating of these relics is very difficult as we have no evidence from older excavations. On the basis of our findings and taking into consideration the results of investigations of Polish archeologists carrying out investigations in the area of the western necropolis, we think that the town together with its necropolises functioned in the period from the 2nd century B.C. to the 6th century. However, for the present, we may date the houses as coming from the end of the 1st century and the 2nd century. Later they were rebuilt many times. The reconstructed structures we tentatively date as coming from the period from the 2nd to the 4th century. The destruction of the original arrangements may partly be bound with the results of various disasters, and partly with natural degradation. In the last years we have been able to perceive, in a couple of places, the level of building lower by about 0.80-1.00m. in comparison to the houses undergoing conservation. The main subject of operations of our mission is the conservation of relics of habitable architecture together with the furnishings, in the town of Marina el-Alamein, and also the hypogeum T6 from the western necropolis. Since the year 1998 we have been discovering wall paintings. After finding the niche deliminated by plastered attached columns surmounted by a cornice with a triangular tympanum filled by a shell, and also fragments of paintings from the niche, which we tentatively date as originating from the second half of the 2nd century, we are finding further examples. From the rubble in accommodation 5c, we have excavated fairly well preserved relics of another wall painting, most probably representing Heron or Serapis. Preliminary dating may also be assumed as the turn of the 2nd and 3rd century. Later, in the street dividing the house H10 from H10 "E", we came across fragments of a painting presenting the head of a woman with a ship on her head. This could be Berenike II, Alexandria or a personification of a port town. This painting, similarly to the earlier ones, we tentatively date as coming from the turn of the 2nd and 3rd century. Besides, in the house HlOa we found a plate with preserved fragments of a painting on the plaster showing the figure of a man and a twining plant. This is the decoration of a pilaster between rectangular panels. This fragment is difficult to date, however, we think it ought to be contemporary with the earlier examples. In the house H21c we found fragments of marble plates with an inscibed dedication to the Emperor Commodus, dating from the year 180-183. Conservation and reconstruction works of habitable architecture relics in the season of the year 2000 included the complexes of houses H10 (H10, HlOa and HlOb) as well as H9 (H9 and H9a). The operations were of a wide range. Fragments of niches in H10 and H9 were reconstructed. The niche in chamber 2 of the house H10 was reconstructed up to the cornice. This was possible due to the preservation in a good state of the attached columns and the cornice mentioned above. In the year 2001 we plan to reconstruct the tympanum with the artificial marble shell. The meridional street running between the H10 and H10"E" houses has been cleaned and protected. The parallel ambitus street running between houses H10 and H19, has also been cleaned. Walls have been added and as a result the accommodations 14 and 15 in the house H9a are more legible. The conservation of a chosen family vault from the western necropolis has been started. This is the T6 hypogeum. We shall be continuing these operations in the coming season. In the 2001 season we plan to continue works in the H10 and H19 complex and expanding them to houses H21 and H1. Preparatory works were carried out in the year 2000 allowing planned operations in these complexes to be realized during the nearest season.

5

Konserwacja reliktów architektury i malarstawa ściennego w Marinie el-Alamein

Medeksza S.

Architectus

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2000

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Nr 1(7)

5--18

PL

W okresie od 16 marca do 30 maja 1999 r., w Mannie el-Alamein, na terenie wczesnorzymskiego miasta, piąty sezon [7, s. 42-52], [8, s. 82-88], [9, s. 72-76], [10, s. 51-62], pracowała polsko-egipska misja konserwatorska.Głównym tematem prac konserwatorskich jest częściowa rekonstrukcja reliktów domów mieszkalnych i ich wyposażenia, pochodzących z okresu grecko-rzymskiego, oznaczonych na planie numerami H9 i H9a oraz H10, HlOa, HlOb i H19 (ryc. 1 i 2). Na podstawie znalezisk oraz biorąc pod uwagę wyniki badań polskich archeologów pracujących na terenie zachodniej nekropolii sądzimy, że miasto funkcjonowało w długim okresie od II w. p.n.e. - VI w. [3, s. 12], [8, s. 82-88]. Domy mieszkalne, w ich pierwszej fazie, roboczo można datować na koniec I i na II wiek [8, s. 82-88], [10, s. 51-62], [12, s. 117-154]. W późniejszym okresie były one wielokrotne przebudowywane. Struktury poddawane konserwacji są wstępnie datowane na koniec II i III w. W niewiele zmienionej formie domy te funkcjonowały co najmniej do końca IV w. [ 10, s. 51 -62], [12, s. 117-154]. Zniszczenie układów pierwotnych wiązać można ze skutkami jakiegoś kataklizmu. Może było to trzęsienia ziemi. Tego typu hipotezę sugerować mogą mury i kolumny przewrócone do pozycji poziomej w niezmienionym, choć rozłuźnionym układzie wątku. W ostatnim czasie uchwycono w paru miejscach pierwotny poziom zabudowy. W domach HIOa i H9b oraz pierwszy poziom użytkowy ulicy przy wejściu do domuH10 jest o około 1,00 m niższy od poziomu kamiennych posadzek domów z końca II i przełomu III i IV w.

EN

The Polish-Egyptian Conservation Mission, directed by the author, has been working in Marina el-Alamain on the terrain of an early Roman town, for the fifth season. The subject of the con-servation works is a complex of dwelling house relics together with the furnishings originating from the Greek-Roman period. It is very difficult to date them as we have no evidence from older excavations. Basing on our findings and taking into consideration the results of investigations of Polish archeologists carrying out explorations in the area of the western necropolis, we think that the town together with its necropolises functioned in a long time span, from the 2nd to the 6th century B.C. Whereas, the houses may practically be dated as coming from the end of the 1st and 2nd century B.C. Later, they were rebuilt many times. The structures undergoing conservation we initially date at the 2nd to the 4th century B.C. The devastation of original arrangements may be bound partly with the results of various c^aclysms and partly with natural degradation. In the last years we have been able to observe in some places an earlier level of building, about 0,80-1 m lower than the level of the houses undergoing conservation. The houses are located in the southern part of the antique town whose ancient name has not, as yet, been precisely determined. According to analyses of sources the town could have been called Leucaspis or Antiphrae. We have no material references which would enable us to establish ultimately its name. In the season of 1998 we came upon on the relics of a niche enclosed by plastered half-columns and surmounted by a moulding and a triangled tympanum filled by a conch. There were also discovered fragments of paintings which we connect with the solar cult. The reconstructed fragment shows three busts of figures above the clouds. Each of the heads is surrounded by a halo. The first on the left is Helios, the second Harpokrates as the young sun, and highest is Serapis. They all look to the right. The main figure was in the axis of the painting and this, up to our times, has been preserved only in faint fragments. To the right, symmetrically to the preserved figures there were, most probably, female moon deities: Selene versus Helios and Isis as the mother of Harpokrates. As yet, it has not been determined which goddess could have been the third image in this, without doubt, symmetrical painting. Initially, on the basis of the style, we can assume that the cult niche with this painting comes, most probably, from the turn of the 2nd and 3rd century B.C. These opinions will, succeedingly, be verified by comparative studies. The niche itself shows a double-phaseness. On the basis of vague fragments of capitals we may initially ascertain that at least in phase I they represent a type called Nabatean, popular in the locality of Marina. The painting underwent carefull conservation in the season of the year 1999. Due to constant, very profuse graining out, its transformation to a new, free from pollution foundation, was decided. Also in the season of 1999, the niche in accomodation 2. was subjected to partial anastylosis and reconstruction. We do not foresee the mounting of the painting in the niche. The original, after conservation, has been prepared for exposition in a museum. During the cleaning of accomodation 2. we came upon an additional, small accomodation. It is located next to the main entrance to the house. From the rubble heaps we extracted a fairly well preserved relic of another wall painting, most probably presenting Heron or Serapis, with fragments of a painted black frame. Initially, we can also date it at the turn of the 2nd and 3rd century. The bearded head is surrounded by a blue halo, the hair flows on either side of the neck to the shoulders. A mondius is recognizable on the head. From behind the right shoulder there is visible the handgrip (hilt-guard) of a sword or the shaft of a spear. The figure holds a cornucopia in its left hand. A fragment of a garland is seen above the figure. This may testify to the fact that the figure discovered may only be a part of the presentation. A fragment of the lower part of the painting has been preserved, showing either a pedestal on which stood the fully dimensioned figure or a fragment of the altar. Doubts as to the interpretation of details are created by the very bad state of the painting's surface. In 1999 the painting was subjected to a detailed conservation. In this case the foundation was supplemented, it was formed of artificial stone. The painting was made ready for a museum expo-sition. In the portico courtyard and surrounding accomodations there were found many architectonic details. These were: fragments of mouldings, tambours, capitals and bases of columns, as well as fragments of door jambs. All architectonic details have been catalogued.

6

Konserwacja grecko-rzymskiej osady w Marinie el-Alamein

Czerner R., Medeksza S.

Architectus

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1999

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Nr 2(6)

13--20

PL

W 1986 roku w Egipcie, w miejscu zwanym dzisiaj Mariną, niedaleko el-Alamein, zostały odkryte pozostałości antycznego miasta (ryc. 1), które wraz z nekropolą funkcjonowało od II wieku p.n.e. do III wieku n.e [1, s. 12]. Nazywało się prawdopodobnie, co wciąż jeszcze pozostaje do udowodnienia, bądź Leucaspis, bądź Anti-phrae. Od czasu odkrycia na terenie miasta i nekropoli są prowadzone poszukiwania archeologiczne. Badania architektury miejskiej prowadził zespół egipskich archeologów z aleksandryjskiego oddziału Rady Antyczności, kierowany przez Mohammeda Ali Abd el-Razka. Eksplorację zachodniej nekropoli prowadzi pod kierunkiem prof. Wiktora A. Daszewskiego misja archeologiczna Polskiego Centrum Archeologii Śródziemnomorskiej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Równolegle do prac wykopaliskowych Polskie Centrum Archeologii sponsorowało w latach 1988-1993 kolejne misje konserwatorskie: najpierw prowadzone przez arch. Włodzimierza Bentkowskiego, następnie jako wspólne polsko-egipskie misje pod kierunkiem arch. Jarosława Dobrowolskiego.

EN

In 1986 at the location of today's Marina El-Alamcin vestiges of the ancient town were discovered, that along with the necropolis functioned from the 2nd c. BC to the 3rd c. AD. Its name, still to be proven beyond a doubt, was presumably Lcucaspis or Antiphrac. The area has been explored archaeologically since its discovery. The urban architecture has been investigated by a team of Egyptian archaeologists from the Alexandrian division of the Supreme Council for Antiquities, directed by Mohammed Ali Abd cl-Razck. Explorations of the western necropolis arc conducted by an archaeological mission from the Polish Centre of Archaeology of Warsaw University, directed by Wiktor A. Daszewski. Parallel with the excavations, the Polish Centre has sponsored successive conservation missions in the years 1988-1993. First, under the supervision of architect Włodzimierz Bentkowski, then as a joint Polish-Egyptian mission directed by architect Jarosław Dobrowolski. In 1995 the Polish-Egyptian Mission for Conservation, directed by Stanisław Mcdcksza began to work. The necropolis. Successive missions for conservation, directed by Dobrowolski, concentrated upon the reconstruction of the complex of columnar tomb monuments discovered by Polish archaeologists on the western necropolis. This spectacular anastylosis was the first conservation actually accomplished at Marina. The three columnar tombs, which were found to have fallen down to pieces, were then reconstructed using the original elements and partly the new stone blocks. The town. Between 1987 and 1995, that is, from the time when relics of two houses, designated as H9 and H9a, were dug up to the moment the Polish-Egyptian mission started conservation works, almost no prevention measures were taken with respect to the buildings. The ruins suffered from extreme devastation as a result of active saline rains and seasonal strong winds carrying abrasive sand that aggressively attacked the stones. This way the documentation for architectural conservation prepared by the previous teams was no longer valid. The present mission, working on the conservation of houses in Marina, had to prepare new documentation recording the current state of the fabric. The first interventions were made to elaborate proper methods for the future work. In the next seasons of 1996 and 1997, the large scale works were executed as regards the preservation and conservation of excavated relics. The general objective of these works, apart from the protection of ruins, was to make the plan of the houses comprehensive for future visitors and, where possible, also to include the height and the whole arrangement. The works comprised: 1. Conservation of the existing relics of the walls and their partial reconstruction. A very thorough pointing was necessary in all the walls made of roughly shaped stone pieces, because of the extensive erosion suffered by the joints and wall tops. The walls that were technically sound when excavated, were by the beginning of the conservation in a condition that excluded any hope for preserving the ancient substance in its original form. The only way was to carry out comprehensive rebuilding and building up of the walls to reinforce the structure and to make the houses' functional plans more comprehensive. 2. Reconstruction of wall niches. In many rooms of the house H9, always in the walls made of roughly shaped stone pieces there were small niches. Although the niches had been all preserved before the conservation, they almost never saved their full height.Their jambs were damaged and only few of them maintained original lintels. Therefore their in reconstruction had also to be done during the in conservation of the walls they belonged to. 3. Anastylosis and reconstruction of door jambs. During the conservation the door jambs were build up one stone layer over the original jamb blocks that had been cither preserved in situ or put again in the original positions. This way the door jambs were reconstructed higher than adjacent preserved or reconstructed walls. Consequently each door, although never returned to the full original height, always distinguishes from the neighbourhood. 4. Anastylosis and reconstruction of columns and pillars (the courtyard of the house H9). The full anastylosis of two columns, one pillar and one adjacent semi-column was made in the porticocd courtyard of the house H9. It was achieved with the use of original elements such as drums square blocks and capitals. The bases and the lower parts of reconstructed elements had been preserved in situ and needed only conservation and protection. However, some missing parts of column shafts and pillars, necessary for the anastylosis had to be made anew of limestone. There was also made a partial anastylosis of other elements of the same courtyard's porticoes. 5. Conservation of pavements or making new ones. Reconstruction of destroyed parts of vaults of cellars and cisterns. These works comprised repairing or pointing all pavement joints between slabs and preparation of a new gravel floor in several rooms. The destroyed parts of vaults of the cellar and of the cisterns were reconstructed. 6. Protection of the architectural details and reconstructed walls from future damage. The last course of wall tops was consolidated for 20 protection against water penetration and chemical damage caused by it. The wall coping not only has to assure good protection from the water penetration, but also its aesthetic character is important. It was designed in a form such as to make it clear that the original walls were higher than reconstructed ones. The protection of columns, pillars and their architectural details against the surface destruction by crystallizing salts was achieved by specially designed coating plaster. 7. Cleaning and landscaping the area around the house. The excavated area surrounding the villas H9 and H9a was widened in a stripe about four to five metres wide. This space was delimited by a regularly formed slope.