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1

Investigation of knock suppression characteristics in a boosted methane : gasoline blended fuelled SI engine

Yang Z., Miganakallu N., Rao S., Harsulkar J., Naber J., Lonari Y., Szwaja S.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

517--525

EN

Natural gas has a higher knock suppression effect than gasoline which makes it possible to operate at higher compression ratio and higher loads resulting in increased thermal efficiency in a spark ignition engine However, using port fuel injected natural gas instead of gasoline reduces the volumetric efficiency from the standpoints of the charge displacement of the gaseous fuel and the charge cooling that occurs from liquid fuels. This article investigates the combustion and engine performance characteristics by utilizing experimental and simulation methods varying the natural gas-gasoline blending ratio at constant engine speed, load, and knock level. The experimental tests were conducted on a single cylinder prototype spark ignited engine equipped with two fuel systems: (i) a Direct Injection system for gasoline and (ii) a Port Fuel Injection (PFI) system for compressed natural gas. For the fuels, gasoline with 10% ethanol by volume (commercially known as E10) with a research octane number of 91.7 is used for gasoline via the DI system, while methane is injected through PFI system. The knock suppression tests were conducted at 1500 rpm, 12 bar net indicated mean effective pressure wherein the engine was boosted using compressed air. At 60% of blending methane with E10 gasoline, the results show high knock suppression. The net indicated specific fuel consumption is 7% lower, but the volumetric efficiency is 7% lower compared to E10 gasoline only condition. A knock prediction model was calibrated in the 1-D simulation software GT-Power by Gamma Technologies. The calibration was conducted by correlating the simulated engine knock onset with the experimental results. The simulation results show its capability to predict knock onset at various fuel blending ratios.

2

An integrated treatment technology for ground fissures of shallow coal seam mining in the mountainous area of southwestern China: a typical case study

Zhu H., He F., Zhang S., Yang Z.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2018

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T. 34, z. 1

119--138

EN

This article is the result of treatments on ground fissures for environmental protection and scientific shallow coal seam mining. In the southwestern mining area of China, the traditional longwall mining method has caused a large area of surface sinkhole, ground fissures, vegetation deterioration and disorderly coal gangue. To solve these problems, an integrated treatment technology that includes ground fissure treatment technology and underground backfilled technology was proposed as a solution. The technical principle and technical process were explained in detail; the ground fissure treatment technology involves a “three-step treatment method”, and the underground backfilled technology adopted a strip mining method with backfilling technology. The compression mechanical behavior of backfilled material, including coal gangue, fly ash and ordinary Portland cement, was studied; the mixed ratio of 1:0.3:0.18 was selected. In addition, the vertical stress, vertical displacement and plastic zone of the coal pillar were determined by FLAC3D numerical simulation, and a rational mining scheme of “11 m mining width, 2 m coal pillar width” was determined to be appropriate because of the lower vertical stress, smaller vertical displacement and better supporting capacity of the coal pillar. The monitoring results of ground sinkhole indicated that the maximal ground sinkhole deformation was 17.3 cm, and the deformation showed few changes after this technology was implemented. The treatment capacity of coal gangue and fly ash reached 821.150 t per year, and the vegetation survival rate of the ground fissure treatment area reached 85%. This integrated treatment technology could effectively control ground fissures and surface sinkhole as well as protect the environment.

PL

Artykuł jest opisem zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu w celu ochrony środowiska, jak również naukowego podejścia do wydobywania płytko zalegających pokładów węgla. W południowo-zachodniej części górniczej Chin tradycyjna, ścianowa metoda wydobywania węgla, powodowała duży obszar powierzchniowego zapadliska, pęknięcia gruntu, pogorszenie stanu wegetacji roślin. W celu rozwiązania tych problemów zaproponowano zintegrowaną technologię zapobiegania, która obejmuje technologię zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu i podziemną technologię podsadzki. Zasada i proces techniczny zostały szczegółowo opisane; technologia zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu obejmuje „trójstopniową metodę zabiegu”, a technologia podsadzki zaadoptowała metodę wydobywania węgla pasami. Badano ściśliwość podsadzki, w tym odpadów węglowych, popiołu lotnego i zwykłego cementu portlandzkiego; wybrano mieszaninę o stosunku 1: 0,3: 0,18. Ponadto pionowe naprężenie, pionowe przemieszczenie i strefa plastyczności filaru węglowego zostały określone za pomocą symulacji numerycznej FLAC 3D. Racjonalny schemat wydobycia „szerokość wydobycia 11 m, szerokość filaru węglowego 2 m” był odpowiedni ze względu na niższą wartość naprężenia pionowego, mniejsze pionowe przemieszczenie i lepszą nośność filaru węglowego. Wyniki monitoringu pęknięć gruntu wskazują, że maksymalna deformacja gruntu wynosiła 17,3 cm i wykazała kilka zmian po wdrożeniu tej technologii. Ilość zagospodarowanych odpadów węglowych i popiołu lotnego wynosiła 821 150 Mg na rok, a wskaźnik przeżycia roślinności w obszarze zapobiegania pęknięciom gruntu osiągnął poziom 85%. Ta zintegrowana technologia zapobiegania może skutecznie kontrolować pęknięcia gruntu i deformację powierzchni, a także chronić środowisko.

3

Digital control system design for bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors

Sun X., Shi Z., Yang Z., Wang S., Su B., Chen L., Li K.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 5

687--698

EN

This study investigates a digital control system which is used in bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors (BPMSMs). Compared with traditional permanent magnet synchronous motors, a BPMSM is characterized by higher speed and no mechanic friction. Therefore, the application value of the latter to the special area is higher than that of the former. An analysis from previous work on the BPMSM had proved its feasibility, and some performances such as suspension force, inductance and so on were also investigated. Based on this analysis, this study focuses on solving control problems in practical applications by designing a control system. The control system design includes overall schematic, hardware and software designs. Main software systems, including the force/current transform module and closed loop control module for radial displacement, are analyzed. Interface circuit for radial displacement, current feedback circuit and dead zone protection circuit are designed for the hardware system. Finally, several performance experiments have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the designed digital control system. Experiment results indicate that the rotor has unique characteristics, such as stable suspension performance, good start-of-suspension performance, and rapid anti-disturbance features.

4

Vacuum brazing of Ti2AlNb and TC4 alloys using Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni and Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni + Mo filler metals: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties

Wang Y., Jiao M., Yang Z., Wang D., Liu Y.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, no. 2

546--556

EN

Two kinds of filler metal, Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni and Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni + Mo, were used to vacuum braze Ti2AlNb and TC4 alloys. The interfacial microstructures and the room temperature (RT) and elevated temperature shear strengths of the brazed joints were analysed. Moreover, the effects of the brazing parameters and filler metal Mo content on the microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties of the brazed joints were investigated. The results showed that the typical brazed joint mainly contained α-Ti, (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni), β-Ti, and Ti-rich phases. The addition of the Mo particles was beneficial to inhibit the eutectoid transformation of β-Ti during cooling, resulting in the formation of residual β-Ti instead of α-Ti. In addition, Mo particles can also make the microstructure more homogeneous. The highest RT shear strength of the joints brazed with the Ti–Zr–Cu–Ni filler metal was 351 MPa when the joint was brazed at 980 °C for 10 min. Under the same brazing parameters, the RT shear strength reached 437 MPa with the addition of 8 wt.% Mo particles to the filler metal. Moreover, the shear strengths of the joints brazed with the Mo-free and 8 wt.% Mo filler metals tested at 600 °C were 272 MPa and 393 MPa, respectively.

5

Fatigue life prediction of umbilicals considering non-linear stress

Lu Q., Yin Y., Yang Z., Chen J., Yan J., Yue Q.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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S 2

154--163

EN

The fatigue problem induced by wave loads and floater movements of dynamic umbilicals in deepwater is studied. The prediction method of the fatigue life is investigated by considering no-linear local stress due to contact and friction between components of the umbilical. A case study of a dynamic umbilical for 1500 meters depth in South China Sea was presented. The results showed that the more accurate result of the fatigue life was calculated by considering non-linear local stress. The fatigue life by considering local stress with the no-slip assumption was conservative. An obviously longer fatigue life was obtained by considering local stress with the full-slip assumption.

6

Ground-Active Arthropod Recovery in Response to Size of Shrub Plantations in a Desertified Grassland Ecosystem

Liu R., Liu J., Zhao J., Xi W., Yang Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

410--422

EN

The ground-active arthropod diversity response to size of shrub plantations in desertified grassland ecosystems is largely unknown. In the study ground-active arthropods were collected by pitfall trapping beneath shrub canopy of very low, low, medium and high size, with adjacent mobile sandy land as a control. It was found that arthropod dominant taxa from mobile sandy land were significantly distinctive from those from plantations of different shrub size. A considerably lower Sørensen index (i.e., 0.25-0.48) was found between the arthropod communities from mobile sandy land and the canopy of either shrub size, than between those under low and medium/high shrub size (i.e., 0.62 to 0.69). The arthropod total abundance was significantly greater under the shrub canopy of very low size in comparison to that of low and medium shrub size and mobile sandy land, with the intermediate values under shrub canopy of high shrub size. Taxon richness and diversity of arthropod communities were distinctly lower under the shrub canopy of low size in comparison to very low, medium and high shrub size. The shrub size was found to have different effects on the density and richness distribution of arthropod trophic groups (i.e., predators, phytophagous, saprophagous, and omnivorous). It was concluded that shrub plantations could facilitate ground-active arthropod diversity recovery when they were afforested in mobile sandy land. There was a contrasting effect of shrub size on ground-active arthropod diversity recovery versus arthropod abundance when grazing was excluded.

7

Design and analysis of interior composite-rotor bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors with two layer permanent magnets

Sun X., Su B., Chen L., Yang Z., Li K.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 6

833--843

EN

In this paper, a new type of interior composite-rotor bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motors (BPMSMs) with two layer permanent magnets (PMs) is proposed. In order to reduce the torque ripple of this kind of motors, the sizes of PMs are optimized. Moreover, the magnetic field analysis of the interior composite-rotor BPMSM with two layer PMs is carried out by the finite element method (FEM). The corresponding static electronic magnetic characteristics at no load, including magnetic field, PM flux linkage and inductance, are studied in detail. In addition, electromagnetic torque characteristics and suspension force characteristics are also investigated thoroughly. The results of the analysis and simulation lay a significant foundation for further research on the interior composite-rotor BPMSMs with two layer PMs.

8

Comparative study of fault-tolerant performance of a segmented rotor SRM and a conventional SRM

Sun X., Xue Z., Han S., Chen L., Xu X., Yang Z.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

375--381

EN

Due to the separation of magnetic field, electrical isolation and thermal isolation, motor drives possess a high fault-tolerance characteristic. In this paper, comparative study of mutual inductance between the proposed segmented rotor switched reluctance motor (SSRM) and the conventional switched reluctance motor (SRM) is carried out first, illustrating that the proposed SSRM has less mutual inductance between phases than the conventional SRM. In addition, if winding faults or power converter faults lead to phase failure, a comparative analysis on fault-tolerant performance under phase failure condition between the proposed SSRM and the conventional SRM is simulated in detail using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results reveal that dynamic performance of the proposed SSRM, including output torque and phase current, is better than that of the conventional SRM. That is, the capacity of operating with the fault under phase failure condition in the proposed SSRM is superior to that in the conventional SRM.

9

Incremental Localization Algorithm Based on Regularized Iteratively Reweighted Least Square

Yan X., Yang Z., Liu Y., Xu X., Li H.

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2016

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Vol. 41, No. 3

183--196

EN

Incremental localization algorithm is a distributed localization method with excellent characteristics for wireless network. However, its estimated result is generally influenced by the heteroscedasticity arising from cumulative errors and the collineation among anchor nodes. We have proposed a novel incremental localization algorithm with consideration to cumulative errors and collinearity among anchors. Using iteratively reweighted and regularized method, the algorithm reduces the influences of errors accumulation and avoids collinearity problem between anchors. Simulation experiment results show that compared with the previous incremental localization algorithms, the proposed algorithm obtains a localization solution which not only has high accuracy but also high stability. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is suitable for different deployment environments and has high adaptability.

10

The Microstructural Evolution in HMX Based Plastic-bonded Explosive During Heating and Cooling Process: an in situ Small-angle Scattering Study

Yan G., Tian Q., Liu J., Fan Z., Sun G., Zhang C., Wang Y., Chen B., Gong J., Zhou X., Yang Z., Nie F., Li J., Li X.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 4

916--926

EN

The thermal damage in octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) based plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) was investigated using in situ small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering techniques. The microstructural evolution was quantitatively characterized by the model fitting parameters of total interfacial surface area (Sv) and void volume distribution. The Sv of HMX-PBX decreased markedly above 100 °C, indicating the movement of binder into the voids. After subsequent cooling to room temperature, the scattering intensity increased significantly with increasing storage time, and a new population of voids with average diameter of 20 nm was observed, accompanied by the gradual phase transition of HMX from δ- to β-phase. The experimental results implied that serious damage within the HMX-PBX was developed during storage after heating.

11

Precise sub-pixel size measurement with linear interpolation

Yin A, Yang Z, Long G

Optica Applicata

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2015

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Vol. 45, nr 1

113—123

EN

High precision automated size measurements are required during industrial and scientific applications. The principle of sub-pixel measuring is based on an intensity interpolation algorithm. Combined with the characteristics of light, a system with high precision, short measuring time and low cost was developed. The proposed system is then applied to the measurement of 5 cm objects and compared with traditional measuring techniques. The experiment demonstrates that the measuring accuracy can reach up to 0.012 μm, and that the measurement size of the system is practical and prompt. In addition, it is able to meet the requirement for industrial applications in a variety of settings with stable performance and high precision.

12

Integrated decision on spare parts ordering and equipment maintenance under condition based maintenance strategy

Wang Y., Zhao J., Cheng Z., Yang Z.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 4

591--599

EN

Aiming to optimize the equipment maintenance and the spare parts ordering management jointly, a comprehensive decision model under condition based maintenance (CBM) policy is presented for a single equipment system with continuous and random deterioration. In this model, the equipment deterioration is a continuous Gamma process under a continuous condition monitoring, and the spare parts inventory is controlled by spare parts support probability. Firstly, a spare part support probability model was developed to determine the optimal spare parts stock level S, which is set to meet the requirement of a predetermined stockout probability. Secondly, the equipment replacement and spare parts ordering decision is made to optimize the equipment replacement and spare parts ordering jointly, which is based on the equipment deterioration leveland total operating cost of the system. Thirdly, an integrated decision simulation model is presented for evaluating cost rate, availability and stockout probability. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the performance of this model. The results show that the optimal preventive maintenance threshold obtained from the proposed decision model can satisfy the spare parts support requirements under (S-1, S) inventory control strategy.

PL

Dążąc do jednoczesnej optymalizacji utrzymania ruchu urządzeń i zarządzania zamówieniami części zamiennych, zaproponowano kompleksowy model decyzyjny w ramach strategii utrzymania zależnej od bieżącego stanu technicznego (CBM) przeznaczony dla systemów z pojedynczym urządzeniem i ciągłym oraz losowym zużyciem. W niniejszym modelu, zużycie urządzenia jest ciągłym procesem Gamma z ciągłym monitorowaniem stanu, podczas gdy zapasy części zamiennych są kontrolowane poprzez prawdopodobieństwo wsparcia w zakresie części zamiennych. Po pierwsze, opracowano model prawdopodobieństwa wsparcia w zakresie części zamiennych w celu określenia optymalnego poziomu zapasów części zamiennych S, ustalonej aby spełnić wymogi określonego prawdopodobieństwa braku dostępności. Po drugie, przeprowadzono proces decyzyjny dotyczący wymiany urządzenia i zamawiania części zamiennych w celu jednoczesnej optymalizacji wymiany urządzenia i zamawiania części zamiennych, w oparciu o poziom zużycia urządzenia i całkowity koszt działania systemu. Po trzecie, zaprezentowano zintegrowany symulacyjny model decyzyjny dla oceny poziomu kosztów, dostępności i prawdopodobieństwa jej braku. Zasady niniejszego modelu zilustrowano przykładem numerycznym. Wyniki pokazują, że optymalny próg konserwacji zapobiegawczej uzyskany za pomocą proponowanego modelu decyzyjnego może spełnić wymagania dotyczące części zamiennych w ramach (S-1, S) strategii kontroli zapasów.

13

Distribution Optimization Based on Feasible Direction Metod for Horizontal Well Perforation

Wang Y., Wu X., Wang R., Wu H., Yang Z.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 1b

239--242

EN

The horizontal wellbore pressure and reservoir heterogeneity are major factors in the horizontal well uneven inflow. Given the situation, it is to establish balanced production of horizontal wells as the objective function, and holes dense as the optimization which is a typical constrained nonlinear optimization. By feasible direction method, it is to obtain distribution optimization results, in order to control the production pressure within horizontal section and to realize uniform advancing of flow profile in the horizontal segment.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę optymalizacji rozmieszczenia i gęstości odwiertów oraz zbalansowania ilości studzien poziomych, co zapobiegnie nierównomiernym rozpływom cieczy. Dodatkowo pozwoli to na kontrolę ciśnienia przy wytwarzaniu poziomych sekcji oraz jednorodne przedłużanie profilu przepływu w poziomym segmencie.

14

Stiffness analysis of electromechanical transducer for nozzle flapper piezoelectric servo valve

Zhou M., Gao W., Yang Z.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 9b

196-199

EN

An electromechanical transducer is designed to replace the torque motor in the traditional nozzle flapper servo valve. The electromechanical transducer is constructed by two identical piezoelectric bimorphs and a beryllium bronze board. The stiffness values are obtained respectively by theory, simulation and experiment. Comparison and analysis results of the stiffness values prove that the proposed electromechanical transducer can provide a bigger stiffness and meet the requirements of the nozzle flapper piezoelectric servo valve.

PL

Przedstawiono elektromechaniczny przetwornik zaprojektowany z myślą o zastąpieniu silnika w układach serwomechanizmu. Przetwornik składa się z dwóch identycznych bimorfów piezoelektrycznych na podłożu z brązu berylowego.

15

Projective nonnegative matrix factorization based on α-divergence

Yang Z., Oja E.

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

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2011

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Vol. 1, No. 1

7--16

EN

The well-known Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method can be provided with more flexibility by generalizing the non-normalized Kullback-Leibler divergence to α- divergences. However, the resulting α-NMF method can only achieve mediocre sparsity for the factorizing matrices. We have earlier proposed a variant of NMF, called Projective NMF (PNMF) that has been shown to have superior sparsity over standard NMF. Here we propose to incorporate both merits of α-NMF and PNMF. Our α-PNMF method can produce a much sparser factorizing matrix, which is desired in many scenarios. Theoretically, we provide a rigorous convergence proof that the iterative updates of α-PNMF monotonically decrease the α-divergence between the input matrix and its approximate. Empirically, the advantages of α-PNMF are verified in two application scenarios: (1) it is able to learn highly sparse and localized part-based representations of facial images; (2) it outperforms α-NMF and PNMF for clustering in terms of higher purity and smaller entropy.

16

Capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence method for simultaneous detection of azithromycin, roxithromycin and erythromycin ethylsuccinate

Wang Z., Yang Z., Ye J., Tan G., Xu H., Liu Y.

Chemia Analityczna

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2009

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Vol. 54, No. 5

883-894

EN

In this paper, a capillary electrophoresis-electrochemiluminescence method for simulta- ' neous detection of three macrolide antibiotics: azithromycin (ATM), roxithromycin (RTM) and erythromycin ethylsuccinate (ETMES) has been presented. The method is based upon the enhancement effect of these compounds on electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2- , bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+). Under the optimized conditions, complete separation of ATM, RTM and ETMES was achieved within 6 min using 20 mmol L -1phosphate buffer of pH 7.3 as a background electrolyte and applying a separation voltage of 20 kV. Detection limits were 0.1 μmol L-1 for ATM, 0.2 μmol L-1 for RTM, and 0.4 umol L-1 for ETMES (S/N = 3). Relative standard deviations for all analytes were below 5%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of the content of the studied compounds in spiked human plasma and urine samples.

PL

Opracowano metodę elektroforezy kapilarnej z użyciem elektrochemiluminescencji do ., równoczesnego oznaczania trzech antybiotyków makrolidowych: azytromycyny (ATM), roksytromycyny (RTM) oraz etylobursztynianu erytromycyny (ETMES). Metoda wykorzystuje wzmocnienie przez badane antybiotyki elektrochemiluminescencji tris(2.2-bipi-rydylo)rutenu (Ru(bpy)+2. W optymalnych warunkach w czasie 6 min uzyskano całkowite rozdzielenie ATM, RTM i ETMES stosując 20 mmol L-1 bufor fosforanowy o pH 7,3 jako elektrolit podstawowy, przy napięciu 20 kV. Granica wykrywalności ATP, RTP i ETMES ' wynosiła odpowiednio: 0,1; 0,2 i 0,4 μ mol L-1(S/N = 3). Względne odchylenie standardowe wszystkich elektrolitów było pniżej 5%. Proponowana metoda została z powodzeniem zastosowana do oznaczania zawrtości badanych związków w próbkach krwi i moczu.

17

A New Proof on Embedding the Category of Proximity Spaces into the Category of Nearness Spaces

Yang Z.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2008

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Vol. 88, nr 1-2

207-223

EN

This paper establishes an explicit embedding functor from the category of the proximity spaces into the category of nearness spaces. This is done by defining methods to constructively inducing a proximity structure with a given nearness structure and vis versa. Those induction methods provide useful tools to understand the inter-relations and to translate the result between the two types of spaces.

18

Reliability modeling of fault tolerant control systems

Li H., Zhao Q., Yang Z.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2007

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Vol. 17, no 4

491-504

EN

This paper proposes a novel approach to reliability evaluation for active Fault Tolerant Control Systems (FTCSs). By introducing a reliability index based on the control performance and hard deadline, a semi-Markov process model is proposed to describe system operation for reliability evaluation. The degraded performance of FTCSs in the presence of imperfect Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) is reflected by semi-Markov states. The semi-Markov kernel, the key parameter of the process, is determined by four probabilistic parameters based on the Markovian model of FTCSs. Computed from the transition probabilities of the semi-Markov process, the reliability index incorporates control objectives, hard deadline, and the effects of imperfect FDI, a suitable quantitative measure of the overall performance.

19

The spaces of closed convex sets in Euclidean spaces with the fell topology

Sakai K., Yang Z.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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2007

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Vol. 55, no 2

139-143

EN

Let ConvF(Rn) be the space of all non-empty closed convex sets in Euclidean space Rn endowed with the Fell topology. We prove that ConvF(lRn) ≈ Rn x Q for every n > 1 whereas ConvF(R) ≈ R x I.

20

Formal safety assessment of container liner supply chains

Yang Z., Bonsall S., Fang Q., Wang J.

Archives of Transport

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2005

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Vol. 17, iss.3-4

255-274

EN

This paper develops a conceptual safety assessment methodology for container liner supply chains based on a modified FSA framework that takes risks from vulnerability rather than hazards into account. Five interlocking steps are described to construct a safety model including novel risk analysis and decision-making approaches. The advantages of the vulnerability-based risk analysis approach to the hazard-based one are clarified and the aggregation of engineering-based and managerial risk analysis is also discussed. An anti-terrorism case study is finally carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed methodology.

PL

Praca rozwija koncepcyjnie metodologię oceny bezpieczeństwa liniowego kontenerowego systemu dostawczego opartą na schemacie formalnej oceny bezpieczeństwa. Opisanych jest pięć kroków niezbędnych do skonstruowania modelu bezpieczeństwa rozważanego systemu, zawierającego znowelizowaną analizę ryzyka oraz pewne elementy systemu podejmowania decyzji. Pracę kończy ilustracja zastosowania proponowanej metody do oceny bezpieczeństwa w przypadku ataku terrorystycznego.