Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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The Influence of Man-Made Elements on the State of Soil Pollution and Ways to Improve Environmental Safety

Nazarova Zinaida M., Zabaikin Yuri V., Kharlamov Mikhail F., Leonidova Yulia A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

215--220

EN

In the paper research of environmental hazards based on the study of individual factors presented. The first stage was the analysis of the state of environmental hazard of equipment and technological processes. A system of organizational and technical measures and technological solutions was developed that will reduce the level of environmental risk. Soils was considered separately with the study of physical and chemical processes. Heavy metals that come from electroplating and etching processes interact with the soil system, that is, with the components of the soil and with each other, which leads to mutations in the physico-chemical system of soil. We identified two areas of possible forms and consequences of combining heavy metals in soils – the formation of hard-to-dissolve compounds, and its absorption by its components. Studies shown that the accumulation of heavy metals passing through the atmosphere and soil, created in plants, and then with the help of the food chain gets into the human body.

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Optimization of Technological Process Parameters to Create an Environmentally Friendly Waste Processing Technology

Nazarova Zinaida M., Zabaikin Yuri V., Kharlamov Mikhail F.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

15--22

EN

Sources of formation of environmental hazards in the Technosphere are industrial facilities and other objects of economic activity. The danger lies in the transformation of elements of the natural subsystem, and in the impact on humans. Man-made impact contributes to the emergence and accumulation of environmental hazards in the environment. The type of technological process, the frequency of its action and the intensity of man-made factors contribute to the appearance of manifestations of environmental danger, which puts before society the need to study the state of this danger and ways to eliminate it. Determining the real state of human environmental safety and the natural environment under the influence of factors of contamination of soil and hydrosphere waste from electroplating production with harmful and dangerous substances is a problem today. The economic complex of the electronic and radio engineering industry plays an essential role in the formation of the city’s environmental hazard. These enterprises are the main sources of environmental hazards, the priority among which is the type of hazard caused by chemical factors affecting the environment. Liquid and solid waste in their storage areas on the territory of enterprises creates an environmental hazard, since harmful substances contained in them pollute soils, open reservoirs, and underground aquifers. Heavy metal ions found in sludge and taken to landfills can form water-soluble complex compounds and create an environmental hazard, which manifests itself in contamination of soils and underground aquifers. All of the above causes a problem that needs to be solved in order to significantly limit the formation of sludge during the production of printed circuit boards and the use of electroplating processes, which will make it possible to reduce environmental hazards. One of the serious, unresolved and constantly increasing problems is the problem of solid waste: its quantity is constantly growing, the composition is becoming more diverse, there are not enough territories for their placement, and the cost of their disposal is increasing. It should be noted that the problem of solid waste has long turned from a purely ecological one into a socio-ecological one: solid waste is not only a significant factor in pollution of the air Environment, Water Resources, soil and other natural components, but also the cause of a decrease in the quality of life, which is manifested in an increase in the incidence of diseases of the population, a decrease in income, deterioration of working and Recreation conditions. Solid waste management within the framework of socio-economic policy directly affects the development of the region. A special feature of Solid Waste Management is that this process is initiated simultaneously at different levels of management: from state to local (level of an economic entity).

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Investigation of Hydrosphere Contamination by Untreated Landfill Infiltrates and Cleaning Agents to Improve Environmental Protection

Nazarova Zinaida M., Zabaikin Yuri V., Kharlamov Mikhail F., Leonidova Yulia A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

49--56

EN

Landfill infiltrates cause contamination of surface, ground, and groundwater. In order to minimize this danger, it is necessary to implement technical measures for collecting and cleaning infiltrates. The subject of the study involved the processes of biological treatment of landfill infiltrates in aerobic lagoons and urban wastewater treatment plants. The content of nutrients necessary for plants in wastewater sediments makes it possible to use them as organic fertilizer. The fertilizing value is largely determined not only by the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in them but also by the microelements necessary for plants, i.e. boron, molybdenum, manganese, zinc, magnesium, iodine, copper, iron, sulfur, etc. It was found that compacted excess activated sludge is a valuable complex mineral fertilizer with a high content of N and P. The possibility of converting sediment into a complex fertilizer by neutralizing wastewater sludge under biosulfidogenesis conditions during dissimilation reduction of poorly soluble sulfates was considered. The results obtained are consistent with the experimental data corresponding to the dynamics of the biogenic gas released from the bioreactor. By the nature of changes in the kinetics of biogenic carbon disulfide yield, changes in the acetate concentration and the rate of sulfate absorption, it is possible to predict the process of biosulfidogenesis and find the most optimal parameters of the system. This indicates the possibility of its use in biotechnology for the neutralization of wastewater sludge with the production of a complex organometal fertilizer.