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1

KES-F Analysis of Low Temperature Plasma Treated Wool Fabric

Kan C. W.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2008

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Vol. 16, no. 1 (66)

99--102

EN

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment was applied to wool fabric with the use of a non-polymerising gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabric mechanical properties, including low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability and thermal properties were evaluated. The low-stress mechanical properties were evaluated by means of the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F), revealing that the tensile, shearing, bending, compression and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. The changes in these properties are believed to be closely related to the inter-fibre and inter-yarn frictional force induced by the LTP. The decrease in the air permeability of the LTP-treated wool fabric was found to be probably due to the plasma action effect on the increase in the fabric thickness and a change in the morphology of the fabric surface, which was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs. The change in the thermal properties of the LTP-treated wool fabric was in good agreement with the above findings and can be attributed to the amount of air trapped between the yarns and fibres. This study suggested that LTP treatment can influence the final properties of wool fabric.

PL

Zastosowano obróbkę plazmą niskotemperaturową) tkaniny wełnianej, przy użyciu tlenu jako gazu nie inicjującego polimeryzację. Oceniono właściwości termiczne i mechaniczne tkanin w tym przy niskich naprężeniach oraz przepuszczalność powietrza po obróbce plazmowej. Właściwości mechaniczne przy niskich naprężeniach zbadano przy użyciu systemu Kawabaty (KES-F). Okazało się, że rozciąganie, ścinanie, zginanie i ściskanie oraz właściwości powierzchniowe tkanin uległy zmianie po obróbce plazmą. Zmiany tych właściwości są przypuszczalnie silnie zależne od zmian sił tarcia, wywołanymi obróbką plazmową, występującymi między włóknami i przędzami. Spadek przepuszczalności powietrza w przypadku tkaniny obrabianej plazmą jest prawdopodobnie wynikiem wzrostu grubości tkaniny i zmiany morfologii jej powierzchni. Zostało to potwierdzone zdjęciami z elektronowego mikroskopu skaningowego. Zmiana właściwości termicznych tkaniny wełnianej obrabianej plazmą jest zgodna innymi wynikami i może być przypisana do ilości powietrza uwięzionego pomiędzy włóknami i przędzami. Można zasugerować, że obróbka plazmą niskotemperaturową może mieć wpływ na końcowe właściwości tkanin wełnianych.

2

Electrokinetic Study of Water Hardness during Acid Dyeing with Silk

Kan C. W.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2008

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Vol. 16, no. 3 (68)

99--101

EN

In this paper, the effect of water hardness, expressed in CaCO3, on the dyeing of silk with acid dye under acid, alkaline and isoelectric point dyeing conditions was studied using the zeta potential method. Under acidic conditions and in the presence of calcium ion, the positive zeta potential of silk was found to decrease with a reduction in dye adsorption. Such a phenomenon might be due to the presence of cation which increased the dyeing potential barrier at the interface between fibre and dye solution. This would result in a higher resistance of dye anions passing through the interface. Under alkaline conditions the zeta potential of silk was negative and resulted in a strong potential barrier against the dye anions. The presence of calcium ions would result in a decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential of silk fibre, with an overall increase in dye absorption. At the isoelectric point, the zeta potential of the silk fibre was found to be near zero, and the dye adsorption was not influenced by the cations. These results showed that calcium ions could have a strong electrolytic effect on dyeing, even at very low concentrations.

PL

Badano wpływ twardości wody, wyrażonej w CaCO3, na barwienie jedwabiu barwnikami kwasowymi w obecności kwasu i zasady oraz izoelektryczny punkt barwienia używając metody potencjałów. W środowisku kwaśnym i w obecności jonów wapnia, dodatni potencjał zeta jedwabiu spadał wraz z redukcją barwnika. Zjawisko to może mieć związek z obecnością kationów, które zwiększają próg energetyczny reakcji na granicy faz między włóknem a roztworem barwnika. To może powodować wyższą rezystancję dla anionów barwnika przechodzących przez granicę faz. W środowisku alkalicznym potencjał zeta jedwabiu był ujemny i powodował wysoki próg energetyczny w stosunku do anionów barwnika. Obecność jonów wapnia może powodować spadek całkowitej wartości potencjału zeta włókien jedwabiu, w ogólnym wzroście w poborze barwnika. W punkcie izoelektrycznym potencjał zeta włókien jedwabiu znajduje się blisko zera, a kationy nie mają wpływu na absorpcję barwnika. Wyniki te pokazują, że jony wapnia mogą mieć istotny elektrokinetyczny wpływ na barwienie, nawet w małym stężeniu.

3

Effect of water hardness on acid dyeing with silk

Kan C. W.

Autex Research Journal

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2008

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Vol. 8, no. 2

54--56

EN

In this paper, the effect of water hardness, expressed in CaCO3 equivalent, on the dyeing of silk with acid dye under acid, alkaline and isoelectric point dyeing conditions was studied by the zeta potential method. Under acid conditions and in the presence of the calcium ion, the positive zeta potential of silk was found to decrease with a reduction in the dye adsorption. Such a phenomenon might be due to the presence of cation, which increases the dyeing potential barrier at the interface between the fibre and dye solution. This would result in a higher resistance of dye anions passing through the interface. Under alkaline conditions, the zeta potential on silk was negative and resulted in a strong potential barrier for the dye anions. The presence of the calcium ion would result in a decrease in the absolute value of zeta potential of silk fibre, with an overall increase in dye absorption. Under the isoelectric point, the zeta potential of silk fibre was found to be near zero and dye adsorption was not influenced by the cations. These results demonstrate that the calcium ion could produce a strong electrolytic effect on dyeing, even under very low concentrations.

4

Effect of low temperature plasma on different wool dyeing systems

Kan C. W.

Autex Research Journal

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2007

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Vol. 7, no. 4

255--263

EN

In this paper, the effects of low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment on the dyeing properties of wool were studied. Wool fibres were treated with oxygen plasma and three types of dyeing systems that are commonly used for wool dyeing, namely: (i) acid dye, (ii) chrome dye and (iii) reactive dye; were used in the dyeing process. For acid dyeing, the dyeing rate of LTP-treated wool fibre was greatly increased, but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium did not show any significant change. For chrome dyeing, the dyeing rate of LTP-treated wool fibre was increased, but the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was increased only to a small extent. In addition, the rate of the afterchroming process was similar to the chrome dyeing process. In the case of reactive dyeing, the dyeing rate of LTP-treated wool fibre was greatly increased and also the final dyeing exhaustion equilibrium was increased significantly. As a result, it may be concluded that the LTP treatment could improve the dyeing behaviour of wool fibre under different dyeing systems.

5

The possibility of low-temperature plasma treated wool fabric for industrial use

Kan C. W., Chan K., Yuen C. W. M.

Autex Research Journal

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2004

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Vol. 4, no. 1

37--44

EN

In this paper, low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment was applied to a wool fabric. The LTP-treated wool fabric was tested according to different international standard testing methods, and the results were compared with the industrial requirements (ASTM requirements). It was revealed that the LTP-treated wool fabric did meet industrial requirements. The results of the investigation are thoroughly discussed in this paper.

6

Surface characterisation of low-temperature plasma treated wool fibre

Kan C. W., Chan K., Yuen C. W. M.

Autex Research Journal

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2003

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Vol. 3, no. 4

194--205

EN

Previous investigation results revealed that after the Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP) treatment, the hydrophilicity of wool fibres was improved significantly. Such an improvement enhances the wool dyeing and finishing processes which might be due to the wool surface changing to a more reactive one. In this paper, wool fibres were treated with LTP with different gases, namely oxygen, nitrogen and a mixture of gases (25% hydrogen, 75% nitrogen). Investigations showed that the chemical composition of the wool fibre surface varied differently with different plasma. The variation of surface composition influences the hydrophilicity of the wool fibres. The surface chemical composition of the LTP-treated wool fibres was characterised by different characterisation methods, namely FTIR-ATR, XPS and saturated adsorption value. The experimental results of these methods are thoroughly discussed.