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Experimental analysis of flyash based, ion exchanged zeolite as catalyst for SI engine exhaust emission control

Karthikeya D., Saravanan C. G.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 3

229--235

EN

Lean Burn gasoline engines are receiving increasing application because of their potential of improved fuel economy. The conventional three-way converter used in gasoline engines controls effectively the levels of CO and HC, but it displays poor conversion in harmful NOx emission. This study has investigated the use of different materials with metal additives as support for effective NOx control in gasoline engines. In this work, flyash, which is relatively abundant and inexpensive, has been used as a replacement for expensive materials. Development of Catalysts from waste materials is an effective means to enhance the value of the waste. In the present work, X-Zeolite was synthesized from Coal Fly ash. 13-X zeolite was purchased from market. By the process of exchanging Na+ ions present in these zeolites with copper, Silver and Iron metal ions separately, six catalysts were prepared. Investigations were carried out on the 3 cylinder, 4-stroke, water cooled Maruthi Omni Gasoline Engine with a displacement volume of 796 cc and coupled with eddy current dynamometer. The packed catalyst bed was housed in a 100 mm diameter cylindrical pipe and is connected near to the exhaust manifold. AVL Di-gas analyser is used to measure the NOx, CO, HC, CO2, O2 emissions. Experiments were conducted at various loads from no load to maximum load without catalytic converter and then using the Ag-X, Ag-13X, Fe-X , Fe-13X, Ni -X and Ni -13X zeolite catalytic converters. The result reveals that in house made Ag-X , Fe-X and Ni -X Catalysts reduce emission at all levels of load conditions. Ag-X catalyst gives better conversion than Fe-X catalyst and Ni-X catalyst.

2

Development of research engine control unit using FPGA - based embedded control system

Anand B. P., Saravanan C. G.

Journal of KONES

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2012

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Vol. 19, No. 3

9-18

EN

Though the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) systems are wide use in modern vehicles, they are manufactured by a few companies and supplied to engine manufacturers. Automotives with factory made ECUs designed to maximize the performance while minimize cost. However, factory made ECUs (FECU) have closed software and hardware. The control gain, lookup tables, and constants used in the algorithms are also calibrated for a particular engine design. Unlike the carburettor, these systems cannot be opened and studied under different operating conditions to determine their characteristics and how they influence the performance of an engine. They can be used as black boxes and work only at specified modes as determined by their electronic control unit (ECU) and more over the algorithms and their implementation are maintained as trade secret by the developers. In the research work, it often becomes necessary to study parameters like injection duration, injection timing, sensor responses etc. to ascertain their effects. Thus in such cases the factory made ECU supplied with the injection system cannot be used. The required need is fulfilled by developing a customized electronic controller that would be suitable for studying the variations at engine operating points. The project involved the development of a research ECU (RECU) using reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) based embedded control system for a four-stroke port fuel injected gasoline engine. A calibrated fuel map is generated for various operating points of the engine using virtual instrumentation (VI) based software while simulating functions of sensors. From the mapping, the fuel injection time and fuel delivery quantity is estimated for the required running conditions of the engine. The developed Research Electronic Control Unit (RECU) could reveal gasoline engine performance in particular for research-based applications as it involves frequent programme development and control implementations.

3

Effect of composite material in performance and emission characteristics of SI engine

Kumar P. M., Saravanan C. G.

Journal of KONES

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2004

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Vol. 11, No. 1-2

399-404