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Niestacjonarny model migracji azotanów w wybranej zlewni na obszarze GZWP 326 w rejonie na północ od Częstochowy

Michalczyk T., Bar-Michalczyk D., Kania J., Żurek A. J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2018

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nr 471, Hydrogeologia, z. 15

109--116

PL

W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe założenia niestacjonarnego modelu migracji azotanów w zlewni Kocinki. Zaprezentowano sposób odtworzenia zróżnicowanej w czasie i przestrzeni funkcji wejścia zanieczyszczenia dla dwóch głównych obszarowych ognisk zanieczyszczenia: terenów rolniczych i obszarów zabudowanych. Do oceny ładunku azotu wymywanego spod obszarów rolniczych wykorzystano program NLES4. Przedstawiono sposób odwzorowania na modelu procesu denitryfikacji, wyniki jego kalibracji oraz uzyskane w efekcie modelowania przykładowe krzywe przejścia zanieczyszczenia.

EN

The paper presents basic assumptions and results of a non-stationary MODFLOW model of nitrate transport in the Kocinka catchment. A method of reconstructing temporally and spatially variable input function of pollution for two main contamination spots: agriculture and urbanized areas, is presented. The NLES4 software was used to assess loads of nitrogen leaching from agricultural areas. Presented are also: representation of denitrification process in the model, the results of its calibration and the modelled nitrate breakthrough curves.

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Wpływ naturalnych i sztucznych spiętrzeń wody na redukcję stężeń azotu w ciekach powierzchniowych na przykładzie zlewni Kocinki (Wyżyna Wieluńska)

Michalczyk T., Bar-Michalczyk D., Zięba D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 11/2

1339--1343

EN

Groundwater and surface waters are a common, inseparable resource of drinking water. The agricultural Kocinka River catchment in southern Poland is among the case studies within the BONUS - Soils2Sea project (Reducing of nutrient loadings from agricultural soils to the Baltic Sea via groundwater and streams). The study is oriented on exploring the possibilities of reducing nitrates. High concentrations of nitrates are observed in groundwater of the Upper Jurassic Major Groundwater Reservoir No. 326, in which the Kocinka catchment area is located. Previous studies in this area failed to determine whether there is denitrification of nitrates in groundwater. The aim of the study is to investigate the significance of denitrification processes in surface water for the quality of waters in catchments. The influence of artificial and natural water reservoirs on nitrogen removal in the catchment was evaluated. Samples and measurements were taken with particular attention to sites upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. Concentrations of nitrates, conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved oxygen and isotope ratios of oxygen and nitrogen in nitrates were determined in selected locations. The results indicate that nitrate reduction potential differs between the reservoirs. Especially fish ponds show high potential to remove nitrates, depending on seasonal variability.

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Evaluating the HYPE model for estimating groundwater recharge in a groundwater dominated catchment in Poland

Bar-Michalczyk D., Michalczyk T., Witczak S., Żurek A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 3

171--180

EN

Hydrological models can be useful tools simulating climate and land use changes and their impact on nutrients outflows from a catchment area. One of them is the HYPE (Hydrological Predictions for the Environment) water quality model applicable to different spatial scales. Groundwater recharge via infiltrating precipitation is a significant water budget component. The rate of groundwater recharge in the HYPE model is estimated from the water balance in soils. The Kocinka river catchment is one of the test areas in the BONUS-Soils2Sea project where HYPE model modelling was carried out. A hydrograph, among others, is one of the modelling results and, based on it, the recharge rate of groundwater was determined. This value was compared with groundwater recharge rates estimated by the infiltration method used for the Groundwater Vulnerability Map of Poland.

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Ryzyko wykorzystania modeli numerycznych do identyfikacji zasobów wodnych w Beskidzie Wyspowym (Karpaty Zewnętrzne)

Bar-Michalczyk D., Michalczyk T., Juśko K., Dendys M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2015

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T. 15, z. 3

5--14

PL

Badania terenowe przeprowadzono w okresie niskich stanów wód w zlewni częściowej potoku Smolnik, obejmującej zlewnie potoków Kłodnianka i Bukowiec. Skonstruowano jednowarstwowy model filtracji ustalonej lokalnego pola filtracji wód podziemnych metodą różnic skończonych w programie Visual MODFLOW. Wykorzystanie modelowania matematycznego do oceny możliwości zwiększenia eksploatacji zasobów wodnych przysporzyło wielu problemów. Obszar badań cechuje się trudną do odwzorowania, złożoną budową geologiczną. Duża jego część jest aktywnym osuwiskiem. Niewielkie rozpoznanie budowy geologicznej obszaru przekłada się na jakość odwzorowania warunków krążenia wód podziemnych. Problemem wymagającym rozwiązania jest brak wiedzy o wielkości rzeczywistego poboru wód podziemnych z prywatnych studni przyzagrodowych. Celem prac było wyznaczenie obszarów perspektywicznych dla poboru wody pitnej w obszarze działania wodociągu wiejskiego w miejscowości Kłodne.

EN

Numerical modelling is a frequently used tool in the assessment of both available groundwater resources and for optimization of water management in shortage areas. Field studies in the Kłodne and Męcina area were carried out in December 2012, in the period of low water level after a long term drought. Archive and collected data on groundwater levels and flows in streams were the base for creation a one-layer steady state hydrodynamic model of the local area. Possibilities of increasing aquifer exploitation in the study area were evaluated with the finite difference method in Visual MODFLOW V.4.2 package. Modelling the Carpathians gives rise to many problems. First problem with model construction was the description of geological structure, which resulted in low fidelity model. Study area has a complicated geological structure with large part of the active landslide. Flysch Carpathians are characterised by a lack of continuity of aquifer structures but the software allows to characterise only continuous layers in the model. Furthermore, real groundwater intake was burdened by high uncertainty. Specific water use is registered. Problematic was to estimate unregistered exploitation by private farmstead wells fairly widespread in the study area.

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Wyznaczanie punktów monitoringu badawczego wód podziemnych na podstawie czasu wymiany wód w zlewniach objętych badaniami modelowymi

Michalczyk T., Bar-Michalczyk D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/2

931--934

EN

Design of groundwater monitoring programs in catchments subjected to detailed studies should be based on the knowledge of the directions and time scales of groundwater flow. Mathematical hydrodynamic models have an undying popularity both in the context of the quantitative assessment and predictions of contaminants migration. A properly designed hydrodynamic model can also be a useful tool for designing of monitoring networks. The authors present the application of such a possibility on an example of the model of a part of Main Groundwater Basin 326 (GZWP 326) in the Kocinka catchment. Studied area is one of research sites in the Soil2Sea project implemented under the BONUS program for the Baltic Sea catchment area. Goal of the project is to determine the intensity and timescales of retention and natural attenuation of biogens in the stream part of the river. Time scales of groundwater exchange and their directions were investigated using Visual MODFLOW and MODPATH packages. This approach allowed to identify parts of the catchment where a more detailed research will be performed at the selected groundwater investigativemonitoring sites.

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Rozpoznanie udziału wód podziemnych w odpływie ze zlewni rzecznej średniej wielkości

Zięba D., Michalczyk T., Bar-Michalczyk D., Jaszczur M., Żurek A., Wachniew P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/2

1161--1165

EN

Interactions between the groundwater and surface water affect the qualitative and quantitative status of water resources. Estimation of the fluxes and the associated loadings of contaminants exchanged between the aquifers and river reaches is an important but still not well recognized component of water resources management. Such estimates are available from the numerical models of flow and transport, however, coupling of the groundwater and surface water model domains is difficult. Calibration of the coupled models relies on the knowledge of the exchanged water fluxes, hydraulic conductivities of riverbed sediments and of other parameters. Preliminary application methods allowing for identification and quantification of the groundwater – surface water exchange is presented for the Kocinka catchment in Southern Poland.