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The BALTEX/Baltic Earth program : Excursions and returns

Omstedt Anders, Storch von Hans

Oceanologia

2024

Vol. 66 (1)

1--8

The Baltic Sea Experiment (BALTEX) started in 1993 as part of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). It was later organized into three programs: BALTEX I, BALTEX II, and Baltic Earth. Here, we examine in a brief overview the overall BALTEX achievements, including program goals, risks encountered during the research journey, and knowledge development when finalizing the programs. During three decades of climate and environmental studies of the Baltic Basin within the BALTEX/Baltic Earth programs, significant steps have been taken towards improved scientifically constructed knowledge and efforts to disseminate this knowledge to neighboring sciences and the public. These programs have illustrated the need to actively navigate the European research arena while remaining an independent science network. The well-organized International Baltic Earth Secretariat and many dedicated scientists made the research excursions safe and successful. The learning process relates to improved knowledge of the dynamics of the atmosphere–ocean–land climate system in the Baltic Sea region, the cycling of carbon and other substances, the region's anthropogenic climate and environmental changes, and how global warming and regional human activities can be detected outside natural variability.

How to develop an understanding of the marginal sea system by connecting natural and human sciences

Omstedt Anders

Oceanologia

2023

Vol. 65 (1)

20--29

The marginal seas are in the transition zone between land and ocean and are often subject to extensive human activities causing multiple stresses on the marine environment and its ecosystems. A large gap between our scientific knowledge and our treatment of the sea illustrates a weak coupling between facts and values. The aim of this work is to initiate a discussion of how to improve the human relationship with the sea. Research into the UN 2030 Agenda with its ambition to transform our world into a sustainable and healthy physical and mental environment creates an opportunity to deepen our understanding of human behaviour and values and how they impinge on the physical world. Together with improved communication and transdisciplinary initiatives, these efforts should be vital in better understanding the marginal sea system and generating a new relationship with the ocean. There is a pressing need to change the human relationship with the ocean and its marginal seas. Connecting the natural and human sciences can improve our awareness of the sea's state and support behavioural change. Such transdisciplinary development requires training in broad thinking and communication. It is time for natural science to “open the human black box”, adding values to facts.