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Implementation of marine spatial planning instruments for sustainable marine governance in Poland

Pyć D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 2

311--316

EN

Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process of managing human activities in the marine and coastal environment in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Amendments regarding marine spatial planning within the Polish marine areas introduced to Polish law in 2015 constitute grounds for drawing up maritime spatial plans for marine areas. This paper presents a few general comments on the marine spatial planning in Poland in the context of implementation of the Directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP Directive) in Europe. The MSP Directive plays an important role in the development of marine spatial planning by promoting MSP instruments. Marine spatial plans are the basic instruments of marine spatial planning. The MSP Directive requires all coastal Member States of the European Union to prepare cross-sectoral maritime spatial plans by 2021. Development of the first maritime spatial plan for Polish marine areas was started in 2013. The MSP legal basis are included in the Marine Areas of the Republic of Poland and Maritime Administration Act of 1991 amended in 2015, which defines the legal situation of the marine areas of the Republic of Poland, the coastal area, the sea ports and harbours, and the rules for the use of these areas, as well as the maritime administration authorities and their competences.

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The Polish contiguous zone – the exercise of the coastal state jurisdiction and control

Pyć D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 3

453--456

EN

In November 2015 Poland established a contiguous zone and, after more than a year, in January 2017, adopted the regulation on the baselines, an external boundary of the Polish territorial sea and the contiguous zone of the Republic of Poland. After many decades, it was a successful attempt to establish a contiguous zone returning to the concept of the 30’s of the last century. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) recognizes that the coastal State may establish a zone contiguous to its territorial sea that extends to 24 nautical miles from the baselines of the coastal State, known as the contiguous zone, and exercise the control necessary to prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea, or to punish such infringements committed within its territory or territorial sea. This paper presents a few general comments on the Polish contiguous zone taking into account the international roots of that legal institution of the law of the sea, of such importance, also for the security reasons.

3

Global Ocean Governance

Pyć D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2016

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Vol. 10, no. 1

159--162

EN

This paper presents a few general comments on the effective global ocean governance (GOG). The Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes fundamental legal principles for the governance of the marine environment and its resources. Furthermore, in the context of GOG the international community is conscious that improving of global and regional cooperation ought to be in the mainstream of socio-economic and political discourse. Nowadays, the UNCLOS is not able to give an answer for all new questions arising in the law of the sea. Therefore, it would seem that there is a great need to provide more pragmatic approaches to global ocean governance by international community as well as national governments, using the holistic paradigm of sustainable development. At the regional level, the European Union promotes an integrated maritime policy. Each EU marine Member State is obliged to prepare national integrated maritime policy as a part of the integrated maritime policy of EU. The Maritime Policy of Poland was approved by the Council of Ministers on 17 March 2015.

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Morska działalność górnicza a zrównoważone zarządzanie środowiskiem

Pyć D.

Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

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2011

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R. 35, z. 4/1

311-319

PL

W najbliższej przyszłości przedsiębiorstwa zajmujące się górnictwem morskim będą podlegały coraz surowszym standardom technicznym i bezpieczeństwa oraz karom w przypadku ich nieprzestrzegania. Argumenty przemawiające za ochroną środowiska są zbyt słabe, żeby zatrzymać ekspansję górnictwa morskiego. Zarządzanie morskie charakteryzuje fragmentacja polegająca na braku koordynacji międzysektorowej. Morskie planowanie przestrzenne pozwala na całościowe, zintegrowane spojrzenie na zasoby środowiska i ich użytkowników. Podejście ekosyste- mowe i przezornościowe są uznane, jako reguły postępowania pozwalające na traktowanie zarządzania zasobami morskimi w oparciu o paradygmat zrównoważonego górnictwa morskiego. Na zintegrowane zarządzanie morskie składa się odpowiedzialność za ochronę, prawa i obowiązki organów oraz zaangażowanych podmiotów.

EN

It is rather obvious that in the nearest future oil companies will be a subject to strengthened technological and safety regulations and sanctions in the event of non-compliance. The environmental arguments against offshore drilling are now weak. Marine governance is fragmented where the various sectors are regulated and managed independently of each other. Marine spatial planning provides a comprehensive, integrated view of both the uses and resources. The ecosystem and precautionary approaches are recognized as rules of conduct the whole marine resources management together with the paradigm of sustainable offshore drilling. Integrated marine governance is a sharing of responsibilities, rights and duties between agencies and stakeholders.