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Does hydrogen-rich water mitigate MP toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss)? Monitoring with hematology, DNA damage, and apoptosis via ROS/GSH/MDA pathway

Atamanalp Muhammed, Kırıcı Muammer, Köktürk Mine, Kirici Mahinur, Alwazeer Duried, Kocaman Esat Mahmut, Ucar Erzu, Parlak Veysel, Özcan Sinan, Alak Gonca

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2023

Vol. 52, No. 2

206--220

Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasing, research studies focused on its detoxification are very limited. In this study, rainbow trout ( Oncorhyncus mykiss) were randomly divided into two groups after being fed with MPs (15% polypropylene [PP] +15% polyethylene [PE]) for 2 months. MP excretion without any application (PP+PE) in group I fish, and excretion of MPs with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) application (PP+PE+HRW) in group 2 were investigated under semi-static conditions for 21 days. This effectwas also compared by using positive and negative control groups (Control[no treatment, free PP, PE or/and HRW] and only HRW group). In thisdirection, the following were determined: PP+PE chronic toxicity in aquatic organisms, the toxicity mechanism and the effect of HRW as a possibletreatment method in blood tissue; with hematological indices ([RBC count [RBC], leukocyte count [WBC], hemoglobin value [Hb], hematocrit ratio [Hct], platelet count [PLT], hemoglobin count per erythrocyte [MCHC],mean hemoglobin amount per erythrocyte [MCH] and mean erythrocyte volume [MCV]) in other tissues (liver, gill and brain tissue) oxidative stress response (catalase [CAT]), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen products (ROS), malondialdehyde ([MDA] levels), DNA damage (8-OHdG: 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine), and the apoptosis (caspase 3) levels were investigated. In addition, acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity, which is important in neurotoxicity pathways in the brain, wasdetermined. The presence of plastics (PP/PE) in target tissues (muscle, liver,gill and gastrointestinal tract) was also obtained.The results showed that PP+PE caused toxicity in all three tissues. MPs showed an inhibiting effect on antioxidant enzyme activities and an inductive effect on MDA, ROS, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3 levels. HRW showed a mitigating effect on MP-mediated toxicity in O. mykiss brain, blood, gill, and liver by controlling the ROS/ GSH/MDA pathway. HRW can be suggested as a cost-effective and eco-friendly curative for the protection of fish from the oxidative damages produced by the ingestion of microplastics.

Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activity in Capoeta umbla brain exposed to chlorpyrifos

Kirici Mahinur

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2022

Vol. 51, No. 2

167--177

In this study, neurotoxic responses to exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) at different doses (55 and 110 μg l-1) and at different time intervals (24 and 96 h) were investigated in Siraz fish (Capoeta umbla) using 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity, caspase-3, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR)]. In this study, the LC50 value of CPF was deterined for the first time for C. umbla and calculated as 440 μg l-1. In this study, 12.5% (55 μg l-1) and 25% (110 μg l-1) of the LC50 value were used. The obtained data indicate a significant increase in the MDA level and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in the brain (p < 0.05). Considering DNA damage and the apoptotic process, no significant changes were found in 8-OHdG and caspase-3 activity at both doses exposed for 24 h, but a significant increase was detected in both markers at 96 hours compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the case of AChE activity, which is one of the neurotoxic markers in the brain, while inhibition was determined only at the high concentration (110 μg l-1) at the end of 24 hours, a decrease in enzyme activity was observed at the end of 96 hours in both concentration groups. In the light of all these results, we can say that CPF showed inhibitory effects on enzyme activity and inducing effects on MDA, caspase-3 and 8-OHdG levels. Based on these results, it can be concluded that CPF contributes to oxidative stress in fish and may have neurotoxic effects.