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Highlighting Volcanic Outcrops by Mapping Geological Lineaments Using Satellite Data in the Saka Region, North-East Morocco

Elaaraj Abdallah, Lhachmi Ali, Tabyaoui Hassan, Alitane Abdennabi, El Yousfi Yassine

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

54--69

EN

The Saka region and its environs are situated in the northeastern part of Morocco. This study aimed to optimize automated lineament extraction based on the comparing of Landsat-8 optical satellite data with Sentinel-2B for enhanced analysis. The research delved into the structural lineaments within the Saka region, with the objective of advancing the understanding of lineament extraction techniques. Remote sensing techniques were employed to extract and map these lineaments Furthermore, the study sought to elucidate the distribution and genesis of volcanism in the Saka region and its surroundings in the context of geodynamics. The availability of optical and multispectral remote sensing datasets, including those from Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2B, characterized by medium and high spatial resolutions, enhances the efficiency and simplicity of lineament mapping – an essential component of any structural geological investigation. However, due to the differences in spatial resolution and sensitivity to land cover, the outcomes from these diverse data sources were derived with varying resolutions display variability. The spatial resolution of the images significantly influences the precision and clarity of the retrieved lineaments. The findings underscore a strong correlation between lineament directions (primarily NE-SW, E-W, NW-SE) and faults, i.e., correspond to the distribution of volcanic outcrops in the Saka area and its vicinity. For validation purposes, the lineaments extracted through directional filtering were compared to the manually obtained lineaments, alongside lineaments digitized from the pre-existing neotectonic map (faults) as well as satellite images depicting lineaments in the study area. Density analysis was employed to investigate the correlation between the concentration of lineaments and the distribution of pre-existing faults. Additionally, the geological map was utilized to refine the correlation between density distribution and the spatial orientations of volcanic rock formations in the study area.

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Climate Change and Water Resources Management in the Ghis-Nekor Watershed (North of Morocco) – A Comprehensive Analysis Using SPI, RDI and DI Indices

Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, El Yousfi Yassine, Cheikh Boumediene Ben, Abdaoui Abdellali, Azirar Maryam, Mechkirrou Latifa, El Ouarghi Hossain, Zegzouti Younes Filali, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

199--209

EN

Morocco is currently facing significant challenges due to the ever–changing climate, with its critical water sources crucial for agriculture, economy, and daily life being greatly affected. In order to thoroughly understand the impact of climate change on the Ghis–Nekor watershed, an in–depth study spanning 38 years (1978–2016) was conducted. This involved examining the meteorological data from three stations and utilizing advanced indices, such as SPI, RDI, and DI. The findings of this study revealed prominent shifts in precipitation patterns, indicating a vulnerability in the region. While there was a general increase in annual rainfall during the specified time period, a sharp decline was observed post–2008. Further analysis of drought confirmed the presence of persistent dry spells and recurring episodes, highlighting the urgent need for effective water management strategies. These crucial findings must be considered by decision–makers for successful climate adaptation, emphasizing the key role played by this study in mitigating the effects of climate change.

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Tafilalet Region of Southeastern Morocco Using Water Quality Index

Azirar Maryam, Zegzouti Younes Filali, Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, Zaki Hanane, Abdaoui Abdellali, El Yousfi Yassine, Ait Boughrous Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

117--126

EN

This study evaluated the suitability of groundwater from primary basins in the Tafilalet area of southeast Morocco for drinking purposes. Water samples were collected from 100 wells, and physicochemical parameters, including temperature, conductivity, pH, hardness, and organic and inorganic ion concentrations, were analyzed. The weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was used as an ecological indicator for quality evaluation in relation to Moroccan drinking water criteria. Ten locations were chosen for monthly inspection based on their proximity to the potential sources of pollution. The study found a considerable improvement in water quality over a 15-year period (2004–2019), with three sites classified as “Good quality” and seven as “Poor Water”. The analysis revealed that the pH values of all groundwater samples were within the acceptable range according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The chloride ion concentrations decreased significantly over time, while the nitrate and sulfate concentrations increased. The hydrometric title of groundwater was very high in all study sites, with a significant proportion of alkaline earth metals present. The study suggests that the development of the sewerage network and supply and distribution of drinking water in the region has led to improved water quality. The study demonstrated changes in the physicochemical properties of groundwater in the Tafilalet region of Morocco over a 15-year period, with an overall improvement in water quality.

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Qualitative assessment of the waters of the coastal aquifer Ghis-Nekor (Central Rif, Northern Morocco) in view of agricultural use

Benyoussef Said, Arabi Mourad, El Ouarghi Hossain, Ghalit Mohammad, El Yousfi Yassine, Azirar Maryam, Ait Boughrous Ali

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 52

245--250

EN

The rainfall irregularity in the Al-Hoceima area places the Ghis-Nekor coastal aquifer as a primary resource for water supply. However, it is of paramount priority to adopt management and optimization plans that can mitigate the effects of the irrational use of the resource and the deterioration of its quality in the region of our study. In order to study the alteration aspects of this aquifer, 26 wells were sampled and their suitability for irrigation was assessed. The sodium adsorption rate (SAR) values indicate that most groundwater samples fall into the risk classes of high salinity and low sodium (C3-S1) and high salinity and medium sodium (C3-S2). The results also show a medium to high alkalinity risk due to the high concentration of HCO3-. The excess of salts is largely due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater and to the phenomenon of salt-water intrusion into the coastal karst aquifer. As a result, the quality of groundwater is not adapted to sustainable agricultural production and soil balance, which requires controlled monitoring to ensure its rational use with a view to the sustainable development of the region.