Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Solving the problem of air quality in Indian cities by retrofitting the EGR

Sroka Z. J., Walkowiak W., Reksa M., Kolanek C., Pillai C. V.

Combustion Engines

|

2018

|

R. 57, nr 2

61--66

EN

This paper touches problem of transportation pollution focusing on NOx reducing in the India. There were India country chosen for study as the second populated country and most polluted cities in the world. As from statistics, it is known that more than 65% of Indian cars are old and they are the main reason of air pollution. Most of the old cars do not have any control measures for eliminating deadliest gases. Dumping the old cars is not possible, as the poor owns most of the old cars. For eliminating the pollution from old cars, the possible remedy is to control the emission of pollutants. Comparing to all gases in exhaust, nitrogen oxides are the dangerous one. It can may cause up to death. The best method to control the NOx gas is EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valves. This research mainly focuses on the possible ways of installing EGR in old engines and fabricate an EGR in one of the Indian cars. Maruti Suzuki 800 is best of for fabricating EGR, as it is a base model and most sold Indian car. As the result, there tremendous decreasing in NOx emission also the emission CO2 was reduced. The investigation about fabricating EGR in old vehicle results a positive output after calculated the cost of the fabrication, time consumption, work challenges and other facts. As Indian government adopt this concept, they can reduce the pollution from all types of vehicles to a great extend in few years of time with low investment.

2

Diagnostics of internal combustion diesel engines operated in construction and mining

Magdziak-Tokłowicz M., Miksiewicz K., Reksa M., Magdziak D.

Journal of KONES

|

2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 4

191--199

EN

Mining machinery and equipment belong to the group of special machines working in extreme conditions. Mining machines are used in difficult conditions such as limited supplies of fresh air, heat from the rock, in places with high humidity and heavy dust. In other specifics related to the extraction process is brine, harmful compounds such as sulphur dioxide, or rock debris raining down. The machines are operated in continuous mode, the clock. Working in mining conditions machines are exposed to frequent breakdowns and malfunctions. Identifying of failure diesel engines can be cumbersome in these conditions and time-consuming, leading to longer downtime, thereby reducing operating efficiency and increased cost. Therefore, in the paper was a review and analysis methods for the diagnosis of internal combustion diesel engines used in machines built and used to power machines in underground mining. On the basis of diagnostic testing was performed analysis of cases occurring malfunctions and failures.

3

The impact of fuel properties on shape of injected fuel spray

Reksa M., Sroka Z. J.

Combustion Engines

|

2013

|

R. 52, nr 3

806--810

EN

The debate on alternative fuels includes quality of combustion process depends on the properties of these fuels. The physicochemical parameters of fuel determine besides other the shape of the fuel jet, which effects on creation of mixture with air. The paper proposes a simplified method for assessing the shape of injected fuel spray based on the analysis of digital photos taken with the ordinary camera. Differences in the core of spray, jet angle and the presence of fuel droplets were presented for three different fuels. The results, described only briefly in this paper, can be helpful during the fuel injector designing or to test the engines.

PL

W dyskusji nad paliwami alternatywnymi przewija się zagadnienie jakości procesu spalania uzależnione od właściwości tych paliw. Parametry fizykochemiczne paliw decydują między innymi o kształcie strugi wtryskiwanego paliwa, co przenosi się na sposób tworzenia mieszaniny z powietrzem. W pracy zaproponowano uproszczoną metodę oceny kształtu strugi wtryskiwanego paliwa na podstawie analizy zdjęć wykonanych kamerą cyfrowego. Wykazano zróżnicowanie w rdzeniu strugi, kącie rozpylenia oraz obecności kropel paliwa dla trzech różnych paliw. Uzyskane wyniki, opisane tylko skrótowo w niniejszej pracy, mogą być pomocne na etapie konstruowania wtryskiwaczy lub podczas badań silnikowych.

4

The comparative analysis of the diesel and spark-ignition (with supercharger) engines vibrations

Miksiewicz K., Kaźmierczak A., Reksa M., Tkaczyk M., Wróbel R.

Silniki Spalinowe

|

2011

|

R. 50, nr 3

EN

The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two engines: 1,6 105CV CD (diesel engine) and 1.4BZ 120CV CD (spark-ignition engine) installed in new Fiat Bravo (model 198, version 54A) motor cars. The latter engine model (120CV) was equipped with a supercharging system. The investigations consisted in comparing engine vibrations measured in specific and representative points. In order to determine the vertical component vibrations, the measurements were performed via a mirror. A PSV-400 laser Doppler vibrometer made by Polytec was used to measure vibration velocities. The vibrometric system directly measures two quantities: displacement and velocity. In the investigated case, vibration velocity is the variable which supplies better diagnostic information. Vibrations were measured for the car standing on its wheels and for the car jacked up to reduce the influence of the car vibration damping systems on the measurement results. The latter are presented in the form of comparative diagrams. Moreover, the fast Fourier transform was used to determine the frequency distribution. Prior to that the signal was subjected to conditioning operations using parametric windowing and filtering. Interesting conclusions emerge from the obtained results and on their basis the effect of the drive unit on the behaviour of the car body can be assessed for different engine types and rotational speeds. It is shown that the way in which the engine is kind affects the vibrations of the car.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na dwóch silnikach:1,6 105CV CD (silnik o zapłonie samoczynnym) oraz 1.4BZ 120CV CD (silnik o zapłonie iskrowym), zainstalowanych w nowych pojazdach samochodowych Fiat Bravo (Model 198, wersja 54A). Drugi z wymienionych silników zaopatrzony był w układ doładowania. Badania polegały na porównaniu drgań generowanych przez silnik w specyficznych, reprezentacyjnych punktach. Dla uzyskania zmiennej pionowej drgań, tor diagnostyczny zaopatrzono w lustro. Do pomiaru prędkości względnej drgań wykorzystano dopplerowską głowicę laserową firmy Polytec, model PSV-400. System ten pozwala na bezpośredni pomiar dwóch zmiennych: prędkości i przemieszczeń. W wypadku prezentowanych metod diagnostycznych prędkość względna niesie lepszą informację pomiarową. Wibracje były mierzone gdy pojazdy stały na kołach oraz gdy zostały podniesione, aby zredukować wpływ drgań podłoża na wyniki badań. Wyniki badań zostały przedstawione wspólnych diagramów, pozwalających na komparację wyników. Ponadto użyto FFT, aby otrzymać widmo częstotliwościowe drgań. Dodatkowo, wykonano dodatkowe operacje cyfrowego kondycjonowania, takie jak okienkowanie parametryczne i filtracja. Na podstawie badań autorzy prezentują ciekawe wnioski, dotyczące wpływu drgań karoserię pojazdu przy różnych wartościach prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego. Wnioski te wskazują, jaki wpływ ma rodzaj silnika na drgania pojazdu samochodowego.

5

The future of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines applications

Kolanek C., Reksa M., Walkowiak W., Janicka A.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

|

2010

|

Vol. 5, no 1

77-83

EN

The European Union 2009/28WE directive treating promotion and using of energy from alternative sources assumes that bio-components addition to conventional fuel should account for 7 % for diesel oil and 10 % for petroleum. The aim of this study is finding answer for a question if that numbers are reasonable in aspect of contemporary internal combustion engines operation and development. The problem of alternative fuels application in combustion engines should be discussed in two aspects: adjusting new fuel parameters for engine properties and adjusting an engine to be fuelled with new fuel. Taking into consideration the possible ways of renewable fuels applications it is important to consider costs of the researches of the engines adjustment. The expenditures are reasonable if the alternative fuels supplies will be at the same level as crude oil exploitation these days. The fuel of the future seems to be the hydrogen, fuel for temporary period – natural gas and partly, methane from biomass and dimethylether (DME) as a fuels which can be used in contemporary engine after insignificant modifications.

6

Comparative analysis of the vibrations of a spark-ignition engine with and without supercharger mounted in new motor vehicles

Kaźmierczak A., Reksa M., Moczko P., Wróbel R.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

|

2010

|

Vol. 5, no 3

49-54

EN

The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two spark-ignition engines: 1.4BZ 90CV CD and 1.4BZ 120CV CD installed in new Fiat Bravo (model 198, version 54A) motor cars. The latter engine model (120CV) was equipped with a supercharging system. The investigations consisted in comparing engine vibrations measured in spe-cific and representative points. In order to determine the vertical component vibrations, the measurements were per-formed via a mirror. A PSV-400 laser Doppler vibrometer made by Polytec was used to measure vibration velocities. The vibrometric system directly measures two quantities: displacement and velocity. In the investigated case, vibration velocity is the variable which supplies better diagnostic information. Vibrations were measured for the car standing on its wheels and for the car jacked up to reduce the influence of the car vibration damping systems on the measure-ment results. The latter are presented in the form of comparative diagrams. Moreover, the fast Fourier transform was used to determine the frequency distribution. Prior to that the signal was subjected to conditioning operations using parametric windowing and filtering. Interesting conclusions emerge from the obtained results and on their basis the effect of the drive unit on the behaviour of the car body can be assessed for different engine types and rotational speeds. It is shown that the way in which the engine is mounted affects the vibrations of the car.

7

Comparative analysis of the body vibrations of new cars with a spark-ignition engine with and without a supercharger

Kaźmierczak A., Reksa M., Moczko P., Wróbel R.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

|

2010

|

Vol. 5, no 3

43-48

EN

The paper presents the results of tests carried out on two new cars: a Fiat Bravo (model 198, version 54A) with the 1.4BZ 90CV CD spark-ignition engine and the same Fiat Bravo model with the 1.4BZ 120CV CD spark-ignition en-gine equipped with a supercharging system. The car body vibrations experimentally determined in several specific repeatable points, i.e. behind the front side indicator and behind the passenger handle, were compared. A PSV-400 laser Doppler vibrometer made by Polytec was used to measure vibration velocities. The vibrometer directly measures two quantities: displacement and velocity. In the investigated case, vibration velocity turned out to be the variable supplying better diagnostic information. Vibrations were measured for the car standing on its wheels and for the car jacked up to reduce the influence of the car vibration damping systems on the measurement results. The latter are presented in the form of comparative diagrams. Moreover, the fast Fourier transform was used to determine the fre-quency distribution. Prior to that the signal was subjected to conditioning operations in time domain, such as para-metric windowing and filtering. On the basis of the results the effect of the drive unit on the behaviour of the car body can be assessed for different engine types and rotational speeds. It is shown that the way in which the engine is mounted affects the vibrations of the car.

8

The impact of car vehicle class on volatile organic compounds (VOC's) concentration in microatmosphere of car cabin

Janicka A. B., Reksa M., Sobianowska-Turek A.

Journal of KONES

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2010

|

Vol. 17, No. 4

207-212

EN

The inner atmosphere of a car vehicle became one of the most important environments of human life. Many elements inside of a car cabin are potential sources ofvolatile organic compounds (VOC's) which hazardous effect on human health is proved. To estimate quality of indoor air of a car the qualitative analysis of hydrocarbons is very important considering the fact that some substances (i.e. benzene, acetone and xylene isomers) despite low concentration level characterize toxic and carcinogenic properties. A significant impact on VOC's concentration has vehicle cabin eąuipment and quality of applied materials. The internal sources of the pollution are elements of cabin equipment (textiles, foams, plastic materials), solvents in glues, paints, lacąuers and car cosmetics. The external sources of the pollution are pollutants emitted to environment in gas phase by mobile or static sources. This paper presents the results of the research which aim was qualitative and quantitative analysis of VOC's concentration inside of various classes of car vehicle cabins. The research was done in Emission Research Laboratory of the Division of Motor vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. The analysis was done according to European standard (EN ISO 16017-1: 2006) on gas chromatograph (Varian 450 GC) eąuipped in capillary column and flame-ionization detector (FID). Keywords: Volatile hydrocarbons, indoor measurements, car vehicle cabin.

9

The application of non-converted vegetable oils in contemporary self-ignition engines

Reksa M.

Journal of KONES

|

2009

|

Vol. 16, No. 4

385-391

EN

The paper presents a test of a self-ignition engine equipped with high-pressure fuel-dosing system based on injection units with electronic control system. The engine was fuelled with conventional fuel and few kinds of non-converted vegetable oil. The analysis of the experiment results correlated with knowledge of their properties shows the important conclusions about possibilities, disadvantages and perspectives of the fuels usage in contemporary engines equipped with electronic control fuel-dosing system. The vegetable oils have a special place in history of automotive industry. In 1900 a great event on Word Trades in Paris was compression-ignition engine fuelled by groundnuts oil — a masterpiece of no one else like Rudolf Diesel. R. Diesel, aware of conventional fuels limitation, patented in 1892 a vegetable oil as a fuel. The NOx concentration in exhaust was measuredfor maximum engine speed (1900 rpm). The lowest emission ofmeasured compounds was observed in case of sunflower oil and rape oil "Biedronka" (65% and 75% of emission during engine work fuelled by conventional diesel oil). The highest values were detected for post frying palm oil and rape oil "Aldi" (120% of emission during engine work fuelled by conventional diesel oil).

10

Thermal loads of engines for different properties of commercial fuels

Sroka Z. J., Reksa M., Miksiewicz K.

Journal of KONES

|

2008

|

Vol. 15, No. 2

463-467

EN

It is oblivious, various properties of fuels cause different thermal loads of engines. Question is, how big is this effect and what fuel compound and its property play insignificant part. This paper is focused on problem of quality of diesel commercial fuels in Polish market and it is a challenge to find answer for question mentioned above. The academic staff from Wroclaw University of Technology organized tests with different commercial fuels. Chemical and physical properties of these fuels were studied and used for investigation to define relationships between them and thermal load during simulation process. All researches were done in the lab of Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines at the Wroclaw University of Technology. Tests have showed differences in chemical and physical properties of fuels, but there is no statistics effect on engine parameters. Results have not also pointed any important differences in thermal loads of engine VW1,9 TDI and its components according to different physical and chemical properties of tested fuels. It is probably because there are differences of calorific values from one side but from other hands various density and specific fuel consumption compensated these differences. To burn unit of fuel contains higher level of oxygen, engine needs lower amount of air, so it gives, for the same fuelling system, lean mixture. It causes higher temperature of exhaust gases and a bit higher exhaust losses

11

An effect of physical and chemical properties of commercial diesel fuels on engine parameters

Sroka Z. J., Reksa M., Kułażyński M.

Journal of KONES

|

2007

|

Vol. 14, No. 4

447-452

EN

This paper is focused on problem of quality of diesel commercial fuels in Polish market and an effect of their properties as well on engine parameters as environment The academic staff from Wrocław University of Technology put the own experience to the huge discussion by making research in the Wroclaw-city, where some probes of fuels were taken from six different commercial fuel stations. Chemical and physical properties of fuels were checked. A real diesel engine VW 1,9 TDI was investigated in university lab of Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. Typical engine performances were built including power, torque, fuel consumption, toxicity levels due to different fuels. The IC engine on the test bench, oxygen content in fuels, example of full load performance of VW1,9 TDI for fuel Bio D20-type, differences of mean effective pressure for different fuels, differences of carbon monoxide in exhaust for different fuels, differences of nitric oxides in exhaust for different fuels, differences of smog level in exhaust for different fuels, differences of heat release for different fuels, relation between engine torque and oxygen content in fuels vs. engine rotation are presented in the paper.

12

The influence of methyl esters additives on property of the biodiesel and toxicity of diesel exhaust gases

Kułażyński M., Reksa M., Zarudzka E.

Journal of KONES

|

2006

|

Vol. 13, No. 4

307-318

EN

In this work it was introduced the problem of using the methyl ester of fatty acids from rapeseed oil (EMKOR) as an alternative fuel which feedings Diesel engine. An attention was paid on connection between physicochemical parameters of plant and mineral oils and it was related to appropriate values which were required by norms in EU countries where biodiesel is used. It was examined microwaves as well as ultrasonic using for reaction mixture warming and it was affirmed that this kind of treatment shortened reaction's time. Comparative characteristic of appreciation the toxicity of exhaust gasses from Diesel engine reinforced by mineral oil and EMKOR was showed. Show, that fuel including 3,5 % addition EMKOR fulfils the requirements of standard PN- EN 590:2002. The values of release CO and NOx and smokiness of exhaust gas engine reinforced EMKOR, and values of release CO and NOx as well as smokiness reinforced diesel of are the results of the research works.

PL

W pracy poruszono problem zastosowania EMKOR jako paliwa zasilającego silnik z zapłonem samoczynnym. Porównano właściwości fizykochemiczne olejów roślinnych oraz mineralnych z wymaganiami zawartymi w normach stosujących biodiesel. Na przykładzie oleju rzepakowego i alkoholu metylowego opisano proces estryfikacji oraz dokonano doboru odpowiedniego katalizatora do tego procesu. Przebadano proces mieszania przy zastosowaniu ultradźwięków oraz wpływ mikrofal na przebieg reakcji transestryfikacji. Ponadto dokonano oceny toksyczności spalin silnika Diesla zasilanego olejem mineralnym i otrzymanym EMKOR. Emisja CO i oraz stopień zadymienia spalin silnika zasilanego EMKOR oraz emisja CO i NOX oraz stopień zadymienia spalin a zasilanego olejem napędowym są rezultatami pracy badawczej.

13

Functional agrimotor testing supplied by the vegetable origin fuels

Reksa M.

Journal of KONES

|

2005

|

Vol. 12, No. 3-4

203-209

EN

The problem of fuelling the engines by the alternative fuels in the aspect of requirements of environmental protection as well as the economical country situation is very important and present at that moment. The use of other fuels than diesel oil has an effect on the engine performance and on the exhaust gases composition. The study is a part of research aimed at identifying the scientific and technical problems from the side of theoretical considerations as well as facility stand research.

PL

Problematyka zasilania silników paliwami alternatywnymi w aspekcie wymogów ochrony środowiska , oraz sytuacji ekonomicznej kraju jest w chwili obecnej ważna i aktualna. Zastosowanie paliw innych niż olej napędowy ma wpływ na osiągi silnika oraz skład gazów spalinowych. Opracowanie stanowi część badań mających na celu rozpoznanie problemów naukowych jak i technicznych od strony rozważań teoretycznych jak i badań stanowiskowych.

14

Biopaliwa jako alternatywny sposób zasilania napędu spalinowego maszyn górniczych w kopalniach podziemnych

Kudełko J., Korzekwa W., Reksa M., Płaneta S.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

|

2004

|

R. 43, nr 3

15-27

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy oraz zweryfikowania możliwości zastosowania paliw typu biodiesel do napędu maszyn górniczych w podziemnych kopalniach rud miedzi. Dokonano analizy obowiązujących wytycznych dotyczących norm toksyczności w krajach Unii Europejskiej, Stanach Zjednoczonych i Kanadzie z uwzględnieniem tendencji zachodzących zmian, szczególnie w przemyśle górniczym. Zebrano i przeanalizowano dostępne materiały obejmujące omawiane zagadnienia. Określono wstępne uwarunkowania dotyczące badań i prób celem doboru optymalnych własności biopaliwa do zastosowania w warunkach kopalnianych.

EN

An attempt to perform analysis and verification of a possible application of the bio-diesel-type fuels to drive self-propelled mining machines in underground copper ore mines is presented in the article. Analysis of guidelines concerning toxicity standards valid in European Union countries, United States and Canada, taking into account current trends particularly in mining industry, was performed. Available documentation concerning research and tests to select optimal properties of biofuel to be used in mining environment was determined.

15

Analiza możliwości zastosowania biopaliw do napędu górniczych samojezdnych maszyn dołowych

Korzekwa W., Kudełko J., Reksa M.

Cuprum : czasopismo naukowo-techniczne górnictwa rud

|

2003

|

nr 2

9-37

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy oraz zweryfikowania możliwości zastosowania paliw typu biodiesel do napędu maszyn górniczych w podziemnych kopalniach rud miedzi. Dokonano analizy obowiązujących wytycznych dotyczących norm toksyczności w krajach Unii Europejskiej z uwzględnieniem tendencji zachodzących zmian, szczególnie w przemyśle górniczym. Zebrano i przeanalizowano dostępne materiały na temat dotychczas prowadzonych badań i prac w tym zakresie. Określono zakres badań i prób celem doboru optymalnych własności biopaliwa do zastosowania w warunkach kopalnianych.

EN

An attempt to perform analysis and verification of a possible application of the bio-diesel-type fuels to drive self-propelled mining machines in underground copper ore mines is presented in the article. Analysis of guidelines concerning toxicity standards valid in European Union countries, taking into account current trends particularly in mining industry, was performed. Available documentation concerning research carried out to date in this subject was collected and analyzed. Scope of research and tests to select optimal properties of bio-fuel to be used in mining environment was determined.

16

Analiza możliwości zastosowania paliw alternatywnych do zasilania autobusów komunikacji miejskiej

Reksa M.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2001

|

R. 2, nr 5

14-19

PL

Artykuł zawiera analizę przeprowadzonych modyfikacji układów napędowych autobusów komunikacji miejskiej w aspekcie koniecznych i możliwych z punktu widzenia technicznego i ekonomicznego uzasadnienia na przykładzie autobusów marki JELCZ typ 120M/1, 120 MD oraz M11. Analiza oparta jest na wynikach eksploatacji autobusów wyposażonych w instalacje gazowe LPG oraz CNG.

17

Uwagi o stosowaniu paliw pochodzenia roślinnego do zasilania silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

Sitnik L., Reksa M., Mendel S.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika

|

1998

|

R. 95, z. 5-M

146--153

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań hamownianych silnika wysokoprężnego zasilanego olejem napędowym oraz estrem metylowym oleju rzepakowego. wyniki przestawionych jednostkowych badań nie upoważniają wg autorów do wyciągnięcia wniosków uogólniajacych. Jest jednak bardzo prawdopodobne, że silniki zasilane paliwami pochodzenia roślinnego powinny mieć zmienione nastawy.

EN

The paper present the results of the tests conducted in an engine test house for a diesel engine fuelled with diesel oil and rape oil methyl esters. The results of unitary tests desribed in the paper do not allow to generalize the conclusion. It is however probable that the settings of the engines fuelled with vegetable fuels should be changed.