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Energetic Performances of Solid Composite Propellants

Lempert D., Nechiporenko G., Manelis G.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2011

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Vol. 8, nr 1

25-38

EN

Different kinds of solid composite propellant (SCP) are described. All ways to increase energetic potential of SCP are considered as well as pro et contra of each of these ways. Different kinds of oxidizer (perchlorates of ammonium, hydroxylammonium, and hydrazinium; ammonium salt of dinitramine; other saltlike and molecular oxidizers) are under consideration. The main principles creation of SCP formulation with optimal characteristics in the context of their concrete purpose are discussed, e.g. for rockets with considerably low ratio propellant volume/empty construction mass (V/M lower than 1 Litr/kg or so) the ballistic effectiveness may be increased with the replacement of aluminum by high-dense zirconium or zirconium hydride. Possibilities for creation of special SCP formulations for application at the far space, e.g. for Mars exploration are discussed as well.

2

Basic Characteristics for Estimation Polynitrogen Compounds Effciency

Smirnov A., Lempert D., Pivina T., Khakimov D.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2011

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Vol. 8, nr 4

233-247

EN

Basing on analysis of experimental data for physicochemical parameters of 300 energetic compounds from different chemical classes, a set of basic characteristics (enthalpies of formation, molecular crystals densities, detonation parameters, as well as sensitivity to different kinds of impact) has been considered and some calculations schemes have been elaborated to estimate these characteristics for polynitrogen compounds. The limits of physicochemical values for energetic materials (EMs) parameters have been estimated. A large set of compounds has been investigated and some of them seem to be rather effective as explosives or monopropellants. There are about ten powerful compounds (e.g. octanitrocubane, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, azanitrofurazan, etc.), explosives- oxidizers (such as ammonium dinitroamide and bis(difuroamine-dini troethil) nitroamine) and several hypothetic substances (not synthesized yet), such as octaazacubane, octaazatetraen, tetranitrotetraazacubane etc. Energetic properties were estimated as for individual compounds, as well as for energetic compositions containing these substances together with other ones in the aim to estimate the effectiveness of their use as components of solid composite propellants.

3

Ammonium nitrate phase state stabilization with small amounts of some organic compounds

Golovina N., Nechiporenko G., Nemtsev G., Zyuzin I., Manelis G. B., Lempert D.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2009

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Vol. 6, nr 1

45-56

EN

The investigation considers phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate for considerable extension of its application area including new generation of gas-generating compositions for airbag inflators. It was shown that alloys of ammonium nitrate with small amounts (2-10%) of some organic compounds can have no phase transitions or at least have only one instead of three ones in initial ammonium nitrate. The mostly effective as stabilizers are the compounds that have rather close crystallographic parameters. A strong donor-acceptor interaction between nitrate-anion and organic molecules are found. Using quantum-chemical calculations, X-ray analysis, X-ray phase analysis, UV- and IR-spectroscopy it was found a new ammonium nitrate phase state in its alloy with some organic additives. This state is stable in temperature range between -50 and +100 C.