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PL
Celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza i weryfikacja wybranych parametrów technicznych dla komercyjnych rozpylaczy rolniczych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań na wodzie oraz modelowej cieczy nienewtonowskiej wykazano zależności między właściwościami rozpylanej cieczy i wpływem ciśnienia na ostateczny efekt rozpylania. Porównywano parametry takie jak średnica kropli, rozkłady średnic kropel oraz objętościowe rozkłady średnic. Analiza wyników pozwoliła na porównanie deklarowanych przez producenta założeń z rzeczywistymi efektami uzyskanymi w badaniach. Otrzymane wyniki mają potencjał zwiększenia świadomości konieczności doboru odpowiedniego rozpylacza do konkretnych procesów, jednocześnie ujawniając problemy wynikające z granicy błędu, które nie są podawane przez producentów. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych badań mogą przyczynić się do polepszenia jakości procesów związanych z rozpylaniem cieczy w rolnictwie oraz innych dziedzinach.
EN
The aim of this study is to analyze and verify selected technical parameters of commercial agricultural atomizers. In the :Curse of the conducted research on water and a model non-Newtonian liquid, the relationship between the properties of the prayed liquid and the influence of pressure on the final spraying effect was examined. Parameters such as droplet diameter, radial distribution of droplet diameters, and volumetric distribution of diameters were compared. The analysis of the results allowed for a comparison of the assumptions declared by the manufacturer with the actual effects obtained in the research. the obtained results have the potential to increase awareness of the need to choose the appropriate atomizer for specific processes, while revealing problems resulting from the limit of error that is not provided by manufacturers. The conclusions drawn from the conducted research may contribute to improving the quality of processes related to liquid spraying in agriculture and other fields.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy numerycznej CFD procesu separacji prowadzonego przy użyciu osadnika wirowego o standardowej konstrukcji oraz osadnika wirowego o zmodyfikowanej konstrukcji. Modyfikacja konstrukcji polegała na zastosowaniu zanurzonego króćca wlotowego oraz przegrody umieszczonej w osi aparatu. W celu przeprowadzenia symulacji wykorzystano oprogramowanie Simcenter™ FloEFD™ SC firmy Siemens. Przedstawione trajektorie ruchu cząstek data stałego potwierdzają powstawanie ruchu wirowego i umożliwiają wyznaczenie czasu przebywania cząstek wewnątrz aparatu oraz sprawność urządzenia przy zadanym obciążeniu hydraulicznym. Wyznaczono ponadto wartości spiętrzeń cieczy w aparacie. Zaproponowana modyfikacja konstrukcji wykazała wyższy stopień separacji w porównaniu do standardowego osadnika, gdzie materiałem badawczym były cząstki stałe ciężkie.
EN
The paper presents the results of a numerical CFD analysis of the separation process carried out using a standard-design swirl settling tank and a modified swirl setting tank. The modification involved using a submerged inlet and a baffle located in the center of the device. The Simcenter™ FloEFD™ SC software from Siemens was used to perform the simulations. The presented trajectories of solid particle movement confirm the formation of vortex flow and allow the determination of the residence time of particles inside the device and the efficiency of the equipment at a given hydraulic load. In addition, the liquid head values in the swirl settling tanks were determined. The proposed design modification showed a higher degree of separation compared to the standard swirl setting tank, where heavy solid particles were used as the research material.
EN
The paper presents the concept of new swirl inserts. An empty two-phase swirl flow atomizer, and three atomizers with inserts were designed, manufactured and tested. The tested atomizers did not differ in terms of their geometric dimensions, with the only variable being the type swirl chamber filling. Flow resistance and spray angle values were analysed for all the evaluated structures. It was shown that the presence of a swirl insert does not significantly increase flow resistance, but instead results in larger spray angles. Taking into account the values of flow resistance and spray angles, the best design solution turned out to be the set of inserts No. 2.
EN
This paper summarises a series of large-scale fire suppression tests conducted to simulate a fire in the big surface and/or surface sprinkling. The subject of this paper is the research on water spraying with the use of the Turbo Jet 2011 water-foam nozzle manufactured by Supon Białystok. The results discuss the pressure losses caused by the flow through the discharge hose, spray angle, and the intensity of surface sprinkling. The greatest stream ranges and the highest maximum values of the sprinkling intensity were obtained at the capacity of 400 l/min, and a solid spray angle. The smallest values were obtained at 200 l/min, a pressure of 5 bar, and a solid spray angle. The actual pressures taking into account the losses in the hose section were calculated. As for the highest firefighting effectiveness of the stream, the authors recommended the following parameters: semi spray angle, 200 l/min, and 2.5 bar.
EN
The aim of the study was to relate the infl uence of the chemical composition, structure, and basic properties as hardness of the tested drill bits on resistance to their wear. The chemical composition of the drill bit was investigated using the electric excitation emission spectrometry method and EDS microanalysis. Metallographic specimens were prepared and observed to determine the structure of each tool. Hardness tests were carried out on the shank and the working part of the tools. Material wear tests were carried out on the basis of measuring the wear of the drill bit flank. It has been shown that the appropriate selection of the chemical composition and heat treatment has a signifi cant impact on the wear resistance of cutting tools, which directly translates into their quality.
EN
Purifying air from dust is a very important, current topic. There are many methods to minimize the amount of dust, one of them being chamber filters. This paper presents the research results of a newly designed rectangular chamber filter. The efficiency of the dedusting process is influenced by contamination properties, but also by the construction of the apparatus, inlet, and outlet location, the ratio of certain dimensions, and the gas flow rate. The airflow containing solid particles is a multi-phase, difficult-to-describe issue, therefore an attempt to determine the trajectory of particle movement in the apparatus was carried out using the PIV method. A decrease in the dedusting efficiency was observed with the increase of the gas flow rate, as well as for smaller diameters of the solid particles. The obtained values of the efficiency of the apparatus are comparable with the values obtained for the constructions discussed in other papers.
EN
This paper discusses design, evaluation, and application for the use of swirl/vortex technologies as liquid purification system. A study was performed using modified swirl sedimentation tanks. The vortex separators containing baffle have been studied under laboratory conditions at hydraulic load from 21 to 64 [m3/(m2·h)]. Analyzed disperser phases were municipal water and glycerol solutions of varying concentration. The pressure drop and the efficiency of purification of liquid stream were analyzed. The suspended particles of different diameters were successfully removed from liquid with the application of swirl chambers of proposed constructions. It was found that damming of liquid in the tank increases alongside liquid stream at the inlet and depends on the tank construction. The efficiency of the sedimentation tanks increases alongside the diameters of solid particles and decrease in the liquid flow rate. The best construction proved to be the one where baffle is located in the middle of in- and outlet due to the highest efficiency of the purification liquid stream for solid particles of the smallest diameter. The proposed solution is an alternative to the constructions of heavy fraction separators.
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