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2 Applied Mechanics and Engineering

2 1999

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Introduction to mecanobiology of cells

Stoltz J. F., Wang X., Muller S., Labrador V.

Applied Mechanics and Engineering

1999

Vol. 4, no spec.

177-183

One fundamental property of living tissues is their ability of adaptation to environment because cells are always exposed to mechanical stresses related to environment or to movement (i.e. external pressure, blood flow pressure related to walking, ...). Today it's generally accepted that these mechanical forces can modify the biological behaviour of cells by affecting their metabolism, secretion of autocrin factors, phenotype, etc ... and that tissus can be remodelled by the mechanical environment. The modifications induced by mechanical factors are now considered as determinant to the comprehension of some patho-physiological processes (i.e.: atherosclerosis, thrombosis, arthrosis, inflammation, ...). In this work, we are going to demonstrate, through 3 examples of cells (cartilage chondrocyte, osteocyte and vascular endothelial cell), the importance of the mechanical factors in cell behaviour and the need of a better link between physics, mechanics and biology. Although numerous studies on this topics, the mechanisms of transduction from a mechanical signal to physiological responses or gene expression in cells remain unclear. In vitro studies on cultured cells allow us to have a good control of mechanical parameters and thus to understand better the induced modifications.

Influence of laminar shear stress on cytoskeleton and ICAM-1 expression of endothelial cells

Muller S., Sun R., Legrand S., Labrador V., Wang X., Stoltz J. F.

Applied Mechanics and Engineering

1999

Vol. 4, no spec.

151-156

The aim of this work was to study the morphological behavior and the surface adhesion molecules expression and localization of a human endothelial cell line subjected in vitro to a laminar flow in a parallel plate flow chamber, by a 3-D fluorescence microscopy and cytofluorimetry. At rest, endothelial cells showed an array of microfilament bundles of the actin fibers, and a peripheral distribution of ICAM-1 molecules. After shear stress (1 to 30 dyne/cm2, 1 to 24 hours), the stress fibers appeared and were oriented related to the flow direction but also to the shear. The ICAM-1 expression varied according to the shear stress characteristics and their distribution at the cell surface appeared also modified and related to the stress fibers formation.