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The required amount of mine air passing through the emergency passage into the mine

Zapletal Pavel, Koudelková Jaroslava, Urbanec Vítězslav, Štemberka Martin, Pach Grzegorz, Różański Zenon, Niewiadomski Adam

Archives of Mining Sciences

2025

Vol. 70, no. 3

403--421

In mines, providing proper ventilation during emergencies is a key aspect of ensuring safety and protecting human lives. In the case of indirect intervention by taking extreme measures (the closure of the entire mine using fire covers), it is necessary to ensure an emergency passage of miners to the surface providing a sufficient amount of mine air for them. The speed of the air must not exceed the limit for the safe passage of people, and must not cause unstable fan operation. The modelling of this problem in this case is carried out on a simplified ventilation network, in which two interconnected pits at a depth of 1000 m are displayed. The input data and limit values correspond to the valid legislation of the Czech Republic, but the resulting proposed methodology is universal and applicable to any mine or underground space that is artificially ventilated, and the parameters of the ventilation network are known. The issue of safety is always the main and key element of underground mining or underground work, and this article provides a model example of how to approach it even in the most difficult situations.

Szkody górnicze w Republice Czeskiej i związane z nimi zagadnienia

Štemberka Martin, Urbanec Vítězslav

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

2023

nr 3

2--4

In Czech Republic the question of mining damage is solved in the Mining Act, the Mining Activity Act and the Civil Code. Mining damage is understood as damage to the property of the third parties, which was caused by mining activity. Compensation for damage is typically by compensation, financial compensation or restoration. It is possible to cover damage not only after its occurrence but also in advance, before it will happen. Settlement of mining damage is a matter of agreement between the organization and the injured party; any disputes are resolved by courts. To ensure a sufficient quantity of money for the settlement of mining damages, so-called "reserves" were introduced. They must correspond to the needs of the actual execution of the works. Closely related to the issue of mine damage is the issue of sanitation and restoration. After the finishing mining the organization is obliged to carry out remediation and recultivation. When submitting an application for a mining permit, the organization must estimate the expected costs of these activities and prepare a remediation and recultivation plan. Reserves are created too. In the case of damages caused by abandoned underground mine works or quarries whose original operator or legal successor does not exist or is unknown (an old mining work), competences of the authorities are divided between the Ministry of the Environment (detecting and registering old mining works as well as securing or liquidation of them) and the mining administration (permitting of and supervision over securing or liquidation of old mining works). In the event, when undesirable manifestations of old mining works (eg. sinkholes) need to be solved operatively, the authorities ofcrisis management and of the integrated rescue system (mainly municipal authorities, fire brigade, etc.) come into play.

Artykuł koncentruje się na problemie rekultywacji oraz likwidacji szkód górniczych i starych zakładów górniczych w Republice Czeskiej. Przybliża również regulacje prawne dotyczące wspomnianych tematów.