Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Ecological assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals due to the application of mineral fertilisers

Suleimenova Naziya, Togisbayeva Ainura, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Kuandykova Elnara, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

74--80

EN

The article presents the results of monitoring the aftereffect of the use of excessive zonal doses of mineral fertilisers on soil contamination with heavy metals (HM). With traditional soybean cultivation technology, the level of soil contamination when applying excessive doses (N60 P180 K90) of fertilisers is quite high and indicates violations of the ecological balance of the agroecosystem. By the nature of the accumulation of heavy metals in meadow-chestnut soil, depending on the application of the studied doses (P60 K30, N30 P60 K30, N60 P180K90) of fertiliser, the content of HM (Pb, Zn, Cd) increases. The greatest contamination of the soil with Cu was revealed, the content of which increases to 3.2 mg∙kg-1 of soil, which is higher than the threshold of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - 3.0 mg∙kg-1. According to the level of contamination of the soil with copper, it belongs to the highly dangerous classes. In a comparative assessment of the level of soil contamination with HM, optimal norms of mineral fertilisers have been established, namely, against the background of effective resource-saving technology for growing soybeans. The application of fertilisers at a dose of P60 K30 and N30 P60 K30 does not significantly affect the level of soil contamination with HM, optimises the ecological state and nutrient regime of the soil, preserves and restores soil fertility indicators, and increases soybean productivity. This resource-saving technology provides a safe environment for soybean cultivation and a significant increase of 34.5-38.6% in crop productivity (0.53-0.76 Mg∙ha-1) and yield (2.57 Mg∙ha-1).

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Bringing medicinal plants of the native flora of the northern Tien Shan into cultivation

Sitpayeva Gulnara, Yerekeyeva Svetlana, Grudzinskaya Lyudmila, Gemejieva Nadejda, Anarbekova Gulshat, Saikenov Bakytzhan

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 50

207--219

EN

In the current study, it was tried to investigate the medicinal plants of the native flora of the Northern Tien Shan to bring them into domestication. The study was carried out on the territory of a botanical garden located at an altitude of 880 m a.s.l., in the foothill steppe zone of the Zailiysky Alatau ridge, People’s Republic of China on light chestnut loamy soils. In 2018–2019, more than 90 samples of 51 species of medicinal plants of the Northern Tien Shan flora was selected from 17 families for introduction tests. The families Compositae (10 genera, 12 species) and Lamiaceae (12 genera, 13 species) were represented by the largest numbers of genera and species. The family Leguminosae was represented by four species from four genera; the families Polygonaceae and Ranunculaceae, by three species each; the family Rosaceae, by two species; and the remaining 11 families, by one species each. The results suggested that the majority of medicinal plants of the Northern Tien Shan tested can be successfully cultivated in the foothill zone of the Zailiysky Alatau. The results indicated that when propagated by seed, the laboratory germination varied from 2 to 30%, and the mass of seeds was 0.21 g. When sown in spring, the field germination was 8%, and when sown in autumn, 42% from 50 to 70% of seedlings survived until the end of the growing season. The massive flowering was observed in the third year, and the plants vegetated until the end of the growing season.

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Study of the Effect of Rocket Fuel on Plant Communities Growing at Sites of Launch Vehicles Separating Parts Fall

Atygayev Anuar Bulatovic, Mukanova Gulzhanat Amangeldykyzy, Bazarbayeva Tursynkul Amankeldievna, Kurbatova Natalia Vladimirovna, Zubova Olga Aleksandrovna, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

172--181

EN

The article presents the results of a study of synthesis and accumulation of heptyl in the plants growing on the soil contaminated with rocket fuel. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions of al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The results of the experiments confirmed that certain concentrations of a rocket fuel-heptyl (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) are not toxic for the crested wheatgrass, Agropyron pectiniforme Roem.et Schult., Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., and tarragon, Artemisia terraе-albaе Krasch., although they can cause anatomical and morphological changes in the roots and leaves of the plants grown on the soil contaminated with UDMH. The changes in the morphological structure of plants under the influence of UDMH (in particular, in the outer tissue that protects the plant organs from drying out, temperature effects, mechanical damage and other adverse factors) can lead to an imbalance in water metabolism and gas exchange, a deterioration in the absorption and release of water, and the cessation of intake from the soil of both beneficial and harmful substances.

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Environmental Monitoring of the Sustainability and Productivity of the Agroecosystem of Oilseeds in South-East Kazakhstan

Suleimenova Naziya, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Suleimenova Mariya, Bozhbanov Alikhan, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 7

89--99

EN

The purpose of the study described in this paper is aimed at identifying the environmental situation of the agroecosystem and studying the impact of resource-saving technology methods for the cultivation of oilseed rapeseed, ensuring sustainability and productivity of the agroecosystem during environmental monitoring. The object of the study was spring rapeseed of the Maily variety. Experimental studies were carried out using the generally accepted classical techniques, such as experiment and observation, in the form of a multifactorial field experiment. A two-factor field experiment was laid out by the split plots method and based on the methodology for conducting field experiments with oilseeds. The results of the study were obtained using the methods of a soil-protective agriculture system based on the principles of soil protection technology. The studied minimal tillage provides a reduction in the amount of mechanical impact on the soil, restoration and preservation of soil fertility, improvement of moisture supply by leaving the plant stubble and scattering chopped straw after harvesting the previous crop, and replacing deep moldboard tillage with shallow flat-cut tillage. On the basis of the obtained study results, it was proven that the replacement of energy-intensive moldboard tillage with shallow flat-cut tillage (mini-till), ensuring the rational use of soil resources and resource-energy conservation, was feasible. The reconstructed parameters of agrophysical factors of soil fertility were determined, such as density, aggregate composition, and the structure and water resistance of soil aggregates, which ensured the sustainability of the environmental situation of the agroecosystem. It has been established that the soil protection methods of resource-saving rapeseed cultivation technology mitigate the risk and optimize the conditions for the growth and development of crops, where productivity increases to 21.3%, and also provide 29.3 thousand tenges/ha of additional income from each hectare with an increase in the profitability of rapeseed cultivation to 97% and 108% under the conditions of South-East Kazakhstan.