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The Effect of Microorganisms and Inorganic Preparations Applied into the Soil and Leaves on the Yield of Winter Rape (Brassica Napus L.)

Sikorska Anna, Gugała Marek, Zarzecka Krystyna, Domański Łukasz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

27--36

EN

The research was carried out in 2018-2021 at the Agricultural Experimental Station, in Poland. The factors of the experiment were three morphotypes of winter oilseed rape: population morphotype, long-stemmed morphotype, semi-dwarf morphotype. The second factor of the experiment corresponded to three ways of using the preparations: 1. Control variant, 2. Organic preparation (Ugmax) 3. Biostimulator containing P2O5 and K2O, 4. Biostimulator containing silicon. The aim of the study was the reaction of three morphotypes of winter rape to soil and foliar application of microorganisms as well as inorganic preparations in different growing seasons. Elements of yield structure and yielding of winter rape were determined by a genetic factor. In all growing seasons, the best yielding was in the restored hybrid with the traditional type of growth, while the seed yield of the semi-dwarf form was lower by 5.8% on average, and by 10.0% on average in the population form. The number of seeds in the pod and the value of the yield index (HI) was the most favourable in the restored forms, and the thousand-seed weight and yield in the population form. The preparations applied to the soil and leaves increased the parameters of yield structure and yielding in all tested cultivars. Soil preparation with microorganisms as well as micro and macro elements applied in autumn before sowing seeds and in spring in the BBCH 21-36 phase significantly increased the number of seeds per pod by 3.4% on average; weight of a thousand seeds by 3.5% on average, seed yield by 15.7% on average, straw yield by 4.5% on average compared to the control variant. The ratio of seed yield-to-biomass yield was higher in the heterosis cultivars by an average of 9.2% compared to the population cultivar. The elements of the yield structure as well as the main and by-products were the highest in the growing season with the highest annual rainfall and the highest average air temperature.

2

Accumulation of Sodium and Iron in Solanum tuberosum under Care and Foliar Feeding

Mystkowska Iwona, Zarzecka Krystyna, Gugała Marek, Ginter Agnieszka

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

249--257

EN

Minerals present in potato tubers are of particular interest due to the value of this crop as a food crop. The purpose of the three-year study was to evaluate the effects of herbicide treatment and foliar feeding with organic biostimulants on the content and uptake of sodium and iron in tubers of two varieties of edible potato (Oberon and Malaga). The Malaga variety accumulated significantly more sodium and iron than the Oberon variety. On the other hand, higher tuber yield uptake of these components was recorded in the Oberon variety. Treatment with a weedkiller and a stimulant fertilizer increased the content and uptake of sodium and iron compared to tubers harvested from the control object, and the most favorable effect was shown by the mixture of the weedkiller with the biostimulant AgroSorb Folium. It is also worth noting that weather conditions had a significant effect on mineral content and uptake.

3

Total and Protein Nitrogen Content in Potato Tubers under the Influence of Various Care and Nutrition Methods with the Use of Biostimulants

Mystkowska Iwona, Zarzecka Krystyna, Ginter Agnieszka, Gugała Marek, Sikorska Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

247--255

EN

A two-factor field experiment was carried out in 2018–2020 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52°03’ N and 22°33’ E) belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce in Poland. Tubers of two edible potato cultivars were investigated, i.e. Oberon and Malaga – factor one; in turn, factor two included variants of herbicide application with biostimulators: 1. control object – without preparations, 2. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin (Avatar 293 ZC), 3. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin and biostimulant PlonoStart, 4. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin and biostimulant Aminoplant, 5. herbicide clomazone + metribuzin and biostimulant Agro-Sorb® Folium. The biostimulators used in the research significantly increased the content of total nitrogen and protein nitrogen in tubers, as well as the share of protein nitrogen in total nitrogen in relation to the tubers collected from the control object. The genetic features of the cultivars also determined the concentration of total nitrogen and protein nitrogen in potato tubers.

4

Potato with Colored Flesh Valuable and Attractive to the Consumer

Zarzecka Krystyna, Ginter Agnieszka, Gugała Marek, Mystkowska Iwona, Rymuza Katarzyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

166--172

EN

The purpose of this paper was to determine the vitamin C content and the selected consumption features (tastiness and cooking type) in edible potato tubers with colored flesh. The research material consisted of tubers of eight edible potato cultivars collected from a field experiment conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Zawady of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities (52°03’N; 22°33’E). The following cultivars were grown: two cultivars with red flesh – Rote Emma and Herbie 26, five cultivars with purple flesh – Blaue Annelise, Provita, Salad Blue, Vitelotte and Bora Valley, as well as one traditional cultivar, light yellow fleshed – Eurostar. The cultivar features of the potato tubers significantly modified the content of vitamin C and they determined cooking properties of the potato. The cultivars with red and purple flesh accumulated more vitamin C than the traditional cultivar. The cultivar Rote Emma and Salad Blue had the best tastiness, while the cultivar Herbie 26 and Bora Valley proved to be the least tasty. The red and purple-fleshed cultivars were dominated by the salad cooking type A and they differed significantly from the traditional cultivar Eurostar. Potato tubers with colored flesh are a valuable and attractive offer to the consumer.

5

Yield-Forming Effects of Herbicide and Biostimulants Application in Potato Cultivation

Zarzecka Krystyna, Gugała Marek, Mystkowska Iwona, Sikorska Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

137--144

EN

A field experiment was carried out in 2018-2020 in central-eastern Poland. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different methods of applying herbicide and herbicide with biostimulants on the yields of dry matter, starch and protein. The experiment was established using the split-plot method, in which the first factor were two potato varieties (Oberon and Malaga), and the second factor involved five methods of applying herbicide and herbicide with biostimulants (1. control object, 2. clomazone herbicide + metribuzin, 3. clomazone herbicide + metribuzin + PlonoStart biostimulant, 4. clomazone herbicide + metribuzin + Aminoplant biostimulant, 5. clomazone herbicide + metribuzin + Agro-Sorb-Folium biostimulant). Potato varieties and methods of herbicide and biostimulant application significantly influenced the yield of dry matter, starch and protein. The highest yields of the above-mentioned tuber components were obtained from objects 5 and 3 sprayed with herbicide with the Agro-Sorb-Folium and PlonoStart biostimulants. The weather conditions prevailing in the years of the research were also decisive for the yield of protein collected from the area unit.

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Profitability of Using Herbicide and Herbicide with Biostimulators in Potato Production

Mystkowska Iwona, Zarzecka Krystyna, Gugała Marek, Sikorska Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

223--227

EN

The results of three years of research concerned the assessment of the profitability of table potato production depending on the control of weed infestation and the use of biostimulants: (1) control object, (2) Avatar 293ZC (clomazone + metribuzin), (3) Avatar 293ZC + biostimulator PlonoStart, (4) Avatar 293ZC + biostimulator Aminoplant, (5) Avatar 293ZC + biostimulator Agro-Sorb-Folium. The research material consisted of potato tubers of the Malaga variety coming from a field experiment carried out in 2018–2020 on medium soil, in a split-plot arrangement, as two-factorial in three replications. Mechanical and chemical treatments increased the marketable yield of tubers by an average of 37.4%, and decreased the by-yield of tubers by an average of 23.9% compared to the control object. The direct surplus per 1 ha of cultivation ranged from PLN 3521.1 in the control object (1) to PLN 11277.9 in object (5) (herbicid + Agro-Sorb Folium).

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The Leaf Greenness Index SPAD and Selected Features of Potato Following an Application of Herbicides and Biostimulants

Zarzecka Krystyna, Gugała Marek, Mystkowska Iwona, Sikorska Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

54--63

EN

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of herbicides and herbicides combined with biostimulants on the leaf greenness index SPAD and selected potato characteristics, i.e. plant height, yield of large tubers and the vitamin C content. A three-year experiment was conducted to examine the following factors: factor I – three potato cultivars: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata; factor II – five methods of an application of herbicides and biostimulants: 1. control unit without chemical control, 2. the Harrier 295 ZC herbicide (linuron + clomazone), 3. the Harrier 295 ZC herbicide (linuron + clomazone) and the Kelpak SL biostimulant (Ecklonia maxima), 4. the Sencor 70 WG herbicide (metribuzin), 5. the Sencor 70 WG herbicide (metribuzin) and the Asahi SL biostimulant (sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol). The cultivars investigated in the experiment significantly affected the leaf greenness index SPAD, plant height, yield of large tubers and the vitamin C content. The herbicides and biostimulants enhanced the values of the examined potato characteristics. Linear correlation coefficients confirm a strong, significant, positive correlation between the SPAD index and plant height, yield of large tubers and vitamin C content.

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The Effect of Foliar Nutrition with Sulphur and Boron, Amino Acids on Morphological Characteristics of Rosette and Wintering Winter Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Sikorska Anna, Gugała Marek, Zarzecka Krystyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 6

190--197

EN

The field experiment was carried out in 2016-2019 at the Agricultural Experimental Station – Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The experiment was established in a random splitplot system in three repetitions. The surface of one plot was 21 m-2. The examined factors were: I – three varieties of winter rape: Monolit (population variety), PX115 (hybrid variety restored with a semi-dwarf growth type), PT248 (hybrid variety restored with a traditional growth type); II – four types of foliar feeding: 1. control object (without foliar feeding and biostimulator), 2. biostimulator Aminoplant, 3. Foliar fertilizer Siarkomag + foliar fertilizer Bormax, 4. Foliar fertilizer Siarkomag + foliar fertilizer Bormax + biostimulator Aminoplant. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foliar nutrition on the number of leaves in the rosette, elevation height of the cone of growth, root collar diameter, length of pile root and wintering of three varieties of winter rape. Foliar nutrition with sulphur, boron combined with amino acids increased the number of rosette leaves (on average by 27.1%), root diameter (on average by 11.0%), pile root length (on average by 9.7%) and provided the best wintering of plants compared to the control variant. Irrespective of the foliar nutrition used, the elevation height of the growth cone was the same. The genetic factor did not affect the number of leaves in the rosette. The population morphotype and the long-stemmed hybrid had the same elevation height of the growth cone, while the population variety was distinguished by the greater diameter of the root neck, while the restored hybrid with the traditional type of growth with a longer pile root compared to the remaining varieties. Diverse climatic conditions prevailing during summer and autumn vegetation and winter dormancy in the years of research have influenced the cut of plants and wintering.