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1
Content available Selected Factors Affecting the Amount of Municipal Waste at Different Administrative Levels in Poland
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2023
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Vol. 24, nr 6
197--206
EN
The amount of generated municipal waste depends not only on the population but also on consumption patterns and economic welfare. The aim of this paper was to present the structure of generated waste over the years in the European Union, Poland, in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and in Rzeszow. It has been assumed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the political action of the government, and the higher standard of living of the society are the factors influencing the increase in the amount of waste generated by households and waste segregation. The paper analyses the waste management system using the official data collected and published by Statistics Poland – the Local Data Bank (LBD) and Eurostat. The amount of municipal waste and waste collected selectively from households was probably affected to the greatest extent by local regulations. According to the data presented, a sharp increase in the amount of municipal waste, including bulk waste and bio-waste, was observed in 2013 and 2014, which may be related to the amendment in 2013 applicable in Poland of the Act on maintaining order and cleanliness in communes. Unfortunately in the Eurostat database, no accurate data on selectively collected municipal waste is available, and in LBD this data is available for different time spans depending on the administrative level. This makes it difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions on the amount of generated waste and forecast changes.
2
Content available remote Changes in main parameters of biological stabilisation of municipal waste from a full-scale mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) installation
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna
Architecture Civil Engineering Environment
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2023
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Vol. 16, no. 3
163--170
EN
Poland's mixed municipal waste management system has been based on mechanical-biological treatment (MBT). One of the MBT processes is the biological stabilisation of fractions of less than 80 mm. The final product after biological stabilisation is a stabiliser that, once the conditions required by law are met, can be landfilled. The stabilizer must meet the following requirements: the loss of ignition (LOI) of the stabiliser is less than 35% DM, the organic carbon content is less than 20% DM and the AT4 value (aerobic 4-day respiration test) value is less than 10 mgO2/g DM. The study aimed to analyse the changes that occurred during the first 4 weeks of biological processing of the fraction of less than 80 mm of mixed municipal waste. The bioreactor feedstock consisted of 41.7% organic fraction (OF), the LOI was 32.3%, and the AT4 value was 45.7 mgO2/g DM. During biological processing, at 4 weeks, the loss of OF in the total weight of the waste was found to be 22.6%, the losses after roasting decreased by almost 90% and the value of AT4 was 6.6 mgO2/g DM. This means that the stabiliser already after 4 weeks, according to the law, could be sent to a landfill.
3
Odcieki ze składowania odpadów i możliwości ich unieszkodliwiania
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna
Przegląd Komunalny
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2022
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nr 6
29--34
PL
W czasie całego okresu eksploatacji, ale także po jej zakończeniu, składowisko odpadów narażone jest na kontakt z wodami, głównie opadami atmosferycznymi. Część wód opadowych, trafiających na teren zajęty przez składowane odpady, ulega spływowi powierzchniowemu, część paruje, a pozostałość migruje przez bryłę składowiska, wymywając z niego rozpuszczalne substancje stałe, ciekłe i gazowe, w efekcie czego powstają odcieki. Należy zadbać o ich unieszkodliwienie.
4
Kontrola odcieków ze zrekultywowanego składowiska komunalnego
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna
Przegląd Komunalny
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2022
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nr 4
36--41
PL
Zgodnie z polskim prawem, odcieki powstające na składowisku odpadów powinny być gromadzone i poddawane unieszkodliwianiu. Dlatego też jednym z najtrudniejszych technologicznych zagadnień związanych z prowadzeniem składowiska jest gospodarka ściekowa.
5
Biologiczne przetwarzanie frakcji podsitowej
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna
Przegląd Komunalny
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2022
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nr 10
42--46
PL
W 2020 roku ilość odpadów komunalnych wytwarzanych w Unii Europejskiej wyniosła średnio 505 kg/mieszkańca i była bardzo zróżnicowana, od 845 kg na mieszkańca Danii do 287 kg na mieszkańca Rumunii (342 kg na mieszkańca Polski). Różnice te są spowodowane nie tylko sposobem zbierania odpadów i gospodarowania nimi, ale również wzrostem konsumpcji i dobrobytem gospodarczym. W porównaniu z 1995 r. tylko siedem państw członkowskich wytworzyło w 2020 r. mniej odpadów komunalnych na osobę: Bułgaria (-36%), Węgry (-21%), Słowenia (-18%), Rumunia (-16%), Hiszpania (-10%), Belgia (-9%) i Holandia (-1%).
6
Content available remote Gospodarka odpadami komunalnymi na terenie Pogórza Dynowskiego
Kawa Żaneta, Drogoń Kamil, Koc-Jurczyk Justyna, Jurczyk Łukasz
Polish Journal for Sustainable Development
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2021
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T. 25, cz. 2
49--56
PL
W pracy przedstawiono szacunkową masę powstających odpadów w porównaniu z rzeczywistą masą odpadów komunalnych odbieranych na terenie pięciu gmin wiejskich wchodzących w skład lokalnego Związku Gmin Pogórza Dynowskiego (województwo podkarpackie w południowo-wschodniej Polsce). Masę odpadów w 2019 roku oszacowano na podstawie statystycznych wskaźników wytwarzania odpadów była nawet o 60% wyższa od rzeczywistej masy zebranych odpadów. Teoretycznie 27% odpadów wytworzonych na badanym terenie powinno być następnie poddane różnym procesom recyklingu, natomiast dane uzyskane z GUS wykazały, że tylko 14% masy odpadów zostało zebranych selektywnie w takich kategoriach morfologicznych jak: papier i tektura, szkło, tworzywa sztuczne, metale i biodegradowalne. Ponadto we wszystkich rozpatrywanych gminach zbierano ZSEE, odpady wielkogabarytowe oraz zmieszane odpady opakowaniowe, które łącznie stanowiły 30% odpadów zebranych selektywnie.
EN
This article compares the theoretical estimate with the actual amount of municipal waste received in the area of five rural municipalities that are part of the local Association of Dynów Foothills Communes (Związek Gmin Pogórza Dynowskiego, Podkarpacie Province in Southeastern Poland). The theoretical waste mass in 2019 calculated on the basis of statistical indicators of waste generation was even 60% higher than the actual mass of the collected waste. Theoretically, 27% of the waste generated in the studied area should subsequently be subject to the different recycling processes, while the waste database showed that only 14% of the waste mass was collected separately in morphological categories such as: paper and cardboard, glass, plastics, metals and biodegradable materials. Moreover, in all of the considered municipalities WEEE, bulky waste, and mixed packaging waste were collected, which in total accounted for 30% of selectively collected waste.
7
Content available remote Wykorzystanie komunalnych osadów ściekowych jako źródła energii elektrycznej
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna, Jurczyk Łukasz, Wanowicz Dawid
Polish Journal for Sustainable Development
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2020
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T. 24, cz. 2
53--62
PL
W pracy omówiono możliwości wykorzystania biogazu powstającego z komunalnych osadów ścieków w procesie fermentacji mezofilowej w Oczyszczalni Ścieków w Woli Dalszej. W 2017 roku do WKF skierowano 18 308 m3 osadów ściekowych, a w 2018 – 23517 m3, co spowodowało skierowanie do kogeneratora w 2018 roku o 21955 m3 biogazu więcej niż w roku 2017. W pracy dokonano analizy efektywności ekonomicznej wykorzystania osadów ściekowych w latach 2017 i 2018, która wyniosła odpowiednio 29,3 oraz 31,7%. Przedstawione rozwiązanie zagospodarowania komunalnych osadów pozwalają na osiągnięcie korzyści ekonomicznych, jednocześnie przyczyniając się do zmniejszenia oddziaływania oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych na środowisko.
EN
This work referred to the possibilities of using biogas from municipal sewage sludge in the mesophilic fermentation process at the Sewage Treatment Plant in Wola Further. In 2017, 18,308 m3 of sewage sludge was sent to the WKF, and in 2018 – 23517 m3, resulting in a referral to the cogenerator in 2018 for 21955 m3 more biogas than in 2017. The work analyzed the economic efficiency of sewage sludge use in 2017 and 2018, which was 29.3% and 31.7% respectively. The presented solution for the management of municipal settlements allows achieving economic benefits while contributing to a reduction in the environmental impact.
8
Content available The Characteristics of Organic Compounds in Landfill Leachate Biologically Treated under Different Technological Conditions
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna, Jurczyk Łukasz
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2020
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Vol. 21, nr 3
104--111
EN
In this work, the semi-synthetic wastewater made of the leachate derived from non-hazardous municipal waste landfill in Kozodrza (south-eastern Poland) and supplemented by ammonium, was treated in hybrid SBRs to assess the removal efficiency of organic compounds, including humic substances and dissolved fractions, depending on the technological conditions. The technological layout variants concerned both the volumetric proportions of aerated and anoxic zones (0.33 and 0.66) as well as the N/C ratio (0.1 and 0.2). It was found that the efficiency of organic compounds removal (expressed as COD, BOD5 and TOC) was influenced by the geometry of oxygen supply; in the SBRs operating with 0.33 ratio, it was significantly higher compared to that with 0.75 ratio. The analysis also revealed that the N/C ratio set at 0.1 resulted in higher treatment efficiency than that obtained for 0.2. The composition of dissolved organic fractions in outflows was also related both with the SBRs geometry and the N/C ratio. It was found that proportions of TOC and humic substances were significantly lower in the SBRs operating with aeration geometry of 0.33, compared to the ones working with 0.66. Moreover, the N/C ratio of 0.1 led to a higher content of dissolved humic substances and COD in outflows.
9
Content available Quantitative Dynamics of Chosen Bacteria Phylla in Wastewater Treatment Plants Excess Sludge After Ozone Treatment
Jurczyk Łukasz, Koc-Jurczyk Justyna, Balawejder Maciej
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2019
|
Vol. 20, nr 3
204--213
EN
Among the waste produced by municipal wastewater treatment plants, the largest technological problem is caused by the excessive sludge, the management of which consumes almost half of the costs of the entire installation. Regardless of the final disposal route, which may be, for example, reclamation of degraded areas, the the sludge derived from a wastewater treatment plant should be firstly subjected to a series of processes aimed at: reducing its volume, improving selected physical properties, recovering energy, rot preventing (stabilization) or eliminating epidemiological threats (hygenizing). These goals could be implemented using commonly known technologies, including: dewatering, liming, thermoconditioning, methanogenesis or composting. One of the alternative solutions is the use of ozonation of raw excess sludge, which, in principle, may lead to the simultaneous resolution of several above-mentioned problems, such as: drainage properties improvement, increase the bioavailability of organic matter for biogas production, as well as the removal of undesirable microorganisms. Confirmation of the hygenizing effects usually requires arduous microbiological methods; therefore, the fast and reliable tools of molecular biology could prove their usefulness in this case. In this study, the possibility of determining the dynamics of selected groups of microorganisms (including changes in total bacteria amount, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria) after sewage sludge ozonation, by using the semi-quantitative RealTime polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), wasinvestigated.
10
Content available Influence of pH in AOP on Humic Compounds Removal from Municipal Landfill Leachate Concentrate after Reverse Osmosis
Koc-Jurczyk Justyna, Jurczyk Łukasz
Journal of Ecological Engineering
|
2019
|
Vol. 20, nr 2
161--168
EN
The choice of the optimal method of municipal waste landfill leachate treatment should take into account such factors as: the variability of their composition and quantity over time, requirements for effluent or economic capacity. Due to the variety of compounds found in landfill leachate, it is advised to use a combination of different treatment processes. Biological methods are effective in the treatment of leachates from young landfills, but generally their efficiency declines significantly with the age of the landfill. Therefore, the physicochemical methods, i.e. advanced oxidation, adsorption, membrane methods or a combination of the mentioned, are preferred. The aim of the study was the assessment of the Fenton’s reagent utilization to process reverse osmosis concentrate of leachates collected from municipal non-hazardous waste landfill. The research was focused on the influence of pH on the process. Additionally, the effectiveness of organic compounds removal, increasing the biodegradability, as well as humic substances transformations were determined. The concentrations of humic compounds were measured by means of optical density at the wavelengths: 254, 265, 280, 320, 465 and 665 nm. In the experiment, the H2O2/Fe2+ 10: 1 ratio was tested at with a dose of H2O2 equal to 3.4 g/l (0.1 M). It was found that the pH affects the efficiency of COD removal and the increase of the biodegradability of the landfill leachate retentate, as well as the removal of humic substances and its transformation. It was found that at pH 3, the highest removal of COD occurs, with simultaneous increase in biodegradability, and decrease of absorbance caused by humic compounds.
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