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1

Method for predicting the accuracy of rotational elements measurements using the five-axis coordinate measuring system

Gaska P., Gruza M., Harmatys W., Gaska A., Sladek J.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, No. 3

78--86

EN

The measurements of solids of revolution are one of the most common task in industrial practice. Therefore it is not surprising, that new solutions dedicated to improve accuracy and acceleration of measurements of rotational components are emerging. In this group, the new generation of articulating probing systems (with ability of continuous indexation) is worth mentioning. These probing devices combined with standard CMM forms the five-axis coordinate system. Such solution results in measurements acceleration and also improve measurement repeatability. Studies on this type of probing systems proved that their accuracy depends strongly on the angular orientation of probing system used during measurement. Therefore authors developed model that allows simulation of probing system errors for any orientation. This article describes an attempt to use the model to find the configuration of the probing system that would provide the highest accuracy for rotational elements measurements. The simulation results are compared to the real measurements of standard elements performed on five axis measuring system. Described prediction method could have a beneficial effect on improving the accuracy of measurements and, as a result, on reducing production costs by minimizing the risk of erroneous decision on the conformity of products with their geometric specifications.

2

Determination of influence of the parameters connected with the stabilization of the position on the 5-axis manipulators’ operation accuracy

Gaska A., Harmatys W., Gruza M., Gaska P., Sladek J.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, No. 2

54--63

EN

The 5-axis systems, especially those that use in their kinematic chain both prismatic joints and revolute kinematic pairs are gaining popularity in many scientific disciplines with manufacturing, metrology and robotics at the forefront. This is therefore important to undertake research aiming in identification of sources of inaccuracies in their functioning and investigation on possibility of eliminating or compensating them. A significant impact on 5-axis kinematic structures accuracy may be assigned to parameters associated with the stabilization of the machine position and angular position, such as position stabilization time, position overshoot and drift of positioning accuracy. These parameters are well described in ISO 9283 standard related to performance criteria and test methods for industrial robots. The methodology presented in this standard is adapted for testing the impact of mentioned parameters for functioning of 5-axis kinematic structures other than industrial robots, which mainly include five-axis coordinate measuring systems and machine tools. A series of experiments performed on five-axis coordinate measuring system is presented in this paper, their results are assessed in a quantitative manner and basing on them a general algorithm for assessing the significance of impact of position stabilization parameters on functioning of the manipulator is proposed.

3

Assessment of impact of stylus length on measurement accuracy for 5-axis coordinate measuring systems

Gąska P., Gąska A., Gruza M., Ostrowska K., Sładek J.

Mechanik

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2017

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R. 90, nr 11

1027--1029

PL

Długość trzpienia wykorzystywanego w trakcie pomiarów na współrzędnościowych maszynach pomiarowych należy do ważnych czynników oddziałujących na dokładność pomiaru. Autorzy postanowili sprawdzić, jaki wpływ ma na pomiary przeprowadzane w trybie 5-osiowym, w którym specjalna głowica obrotowo-uchylna pozwala na wykorzystanie 2 ruchów obrotowych w trakcie pomiaru. Badania oparto na znanej metodyce obejmującej pomiar obiektów wzorcowych. Oszacowano wpływ długości trzpienia na dokładność tego rodzaju pomiarów oraz przedstawiono wnioski.

EN

Length of stylus used during measurements performed on CMMs is one of the important factors which affect their accuracy. Authors decided to investigate how this factor affects the measurement done in 5-axis mode when articulated probe head is used for adding 2 supplementary rotary movements during measurements. Described research utilize well-known methodology based on measurement of material standards. The impact of the stylus length on obtained results was estimated and conclusions were drawn.

4

Assessment of the impact of probe head hysteresis on the accuracy of five-axis coordinate measuring systems

Gąska P., Gruza M., Gąska A., Harmatys W., Sładek J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 11, no 3

277-282

EN

One of the factors affecting the accuracy of Coordinate Measuring Systems is hysteresis of a probe head. It is important especially in case of touch trigger probes and should be taken into account during the determination of probing strategy. In this article, the authors try to assess how this phenomenon affects the accuracy of five axis coordinate systems which utilize articulating probe head. Such systems allow to measure point coordinates using rotary movements of the head what introduces changes to the probing process. The experiments presented in this paper are based on multiple measurements of the reference elements such as gauge blocks and standard ring.

5

Analysis of measured workpiece’s form errors influence on the accuracy of probe heads used on five-axis measuring systems

Harmatys W., Gąska A., Gruza M., Gąska P., Sładek J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 11, no 4

305--310

EN

The five-axis measuring systems are one of the most modern inventions in coordinate measuring technique. They are capable of performing measurements using only the rotary pairs present in their kinematic structure. This possibility is very useful because it may cause significant reduction of total measurement time and costs. However, it was noted that high values of measured workpiece’s form errors may cause significant reduction of the accuracy of a five-axis measuring system. The investigation on the relation between these two parameters was conducted in this paper and possible reasons of decrease in measurement accuracy was discussed on the example of measurements of workpieces with form errors ranging from 0,5 to 1,7 millimetre.

6

System prognozowania dokładności pomiaru z wykorzystaniem symulatora współrzędnościowej maszyny pomiarowej oraz jej wirtualnego modelu dokładności

Gąska A., Gruza M., Gąska P., Harmatys W., Sładek J.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 3

220--221

PL

Prezentowany system służy do oceny dokładności pomiarów, zanim zostaną one wykonane w rzeczywistym systemie pomiarowym. Głównym elementem systemu jest wirtualny model maszyny pomiarowej, umożliwiający wielokrotne przeprowadzanie symulacji pomiaru, a następnie – na podstawie jej wyników – ocenę dokładności symulowanego pomiaru.

EN

The system presented in the article is designed to assess the accuracy of the measurements before they are implemented on a real measurement system. The main component of the system is a virtual model of measuring machine. It allows to estimate the measurement uncertainty due to multiple simulation of measuring task.

7

Model parametryczny wzorca do sprawdzania drukarek 3D metodą badania pracą

Harmatys W., Gruza M., Gąska P., Gąska A., Sładek J.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 5-6

472-473

PL

Przedstawiono propozycję wzorca, którego wydruk – po przeanalizowaniu jego jakości – stanowi podstawę do oceny dokładności wytwarzania z zastosowaniem drukarek 3D. Ze względu na dużą różnorodność rozmiarów drukarek 3D wymiary wzorca zostały sparametryzowane w zależności od długości podstawowych osi przestrzeni roboczej drukarki.

EN

This article presents the concept of a standard which could be used for assessment of 3D printers output accuracy. Due to large diversity of working ranges of different 3D printers, dimensions of the standard were related exclusively to the length dimensions of the main axes of machines.

8

Analiza wpływu trybu pracy pięcioosiowego systemu współrzędnościowego na dokładność pomiaru

Gruza M., Gąska A., Gąska P., Harmatys W., Sładek J.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 11

1708--1709

PL

W artykule zaprezentowane są wyniki badania wpływu trybu pracy pięcioosiowego systemu współrzędnościowego na dokładność pomiaru. Procedura badawcza zakładała pomiar dwóch pierścieni wzorcowych o różnej średnicy w trzech trybach pomiaru: 2-osiowym wykorzystującym ruchy samej głowicy, 3-osiowym wykorzystującym tylko ruchy maszyny i 5-osiowym stanowiącym ich połączenie.

EN

In this paper authors try to assess the impact of the chosen working mode on accuracy of five-axis measuring system. The experiment consists of measurement of two reference rings of different diameters using three working modes: 2-axis mode – when measurements are performed using only head rotary movements; 3-axis mode – using only Coordinate Measuring Machine movements and 5-axis mode – the combination of previously mentioned modes.

9

Roślinne źródła półproduktów chemicznych i farmaceutycznych. Przykład trójterpenu z kasztanowca

Grynkiewicz G., Gruza M., Jatczak K

Chemik

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2015

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Vol. 69, nr 2

75--80

PL

Biologicznie aktywne i medycznie użyteczne substancje naturalne pochodzenia roślinnego występują na ogół w wieloskładnikowych grupach związków o podobnych właściwościach chemicznych i fizykochemicznych, co znacznie utrudnia ich izolację, a zwłaszcza oczyszczanie. Lecznicze saponiny kasztanowca, tradycyjnie stosowane w medycynie w postaci złożonej mieszaniny (escyna), są przykładem sytuacji w której właściwości farmakologiczne indywidualnych komponentów. Zaprezentowano jedno z możliwych rozwiązań tego problemu na drodze transformacji chemicznych dostępnego surowca, które umożliwiają otrzymanie kluczowego pentacyklicznego triterpenu – protoescygeniny (PES) w stanie wysokiej czystości chemicznej, w procesie realizowanym w pilotowej skali technicznej. Wskazano możliwości zastosowania PES jako dogodnego półproduktu do syntez saponinomimetyków o zróżnicowanych typach struktury.

EN

Biologically active and medically useful natural substances of vegetable origin usually occur in multi-component groups of compounds with similar chemical and physical properties, which significantly inhibit their isolation, and in particular their purification. Therapeutic chestnut saponins, traditionally used in medicine in the form of complex mixture (aescin), are the example of situation where pharmacological properties of individual components. One of the solutions to this issue was presented, based on chemical transformation of available raw material, allowing production of key pentacyclical triterpene - protoescigenin (PES) of high chemical purity, in the process implemented on pilot scale. Possibilities of using PES as a convenient semi-finished product fin the synthesis of mimetic saponins with varying structures.

10

Determination of temperature impact on cmm residual kinematic errors distribution

Harmatys W., Gąska P., Gąska A., Gruza M., Sładek J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 9, nr 26

113–-117

EN

In case of coordinate machines that use CAA correction matrix, the issue of kine¬matic errors analysis may be based on the determination of residual error distribu¬tion. Temperature changes have an impact on CMM kinematic structure, which may cause the differences in the map of residual errors. As for today, the residual errors were analysed only for the reference temperature. No research was undertaken on the residual errors changes depending on the temperature variations. This paper presents the experiment aimed at residual errors analysis and resulting errors distributions for different temperatures.

11

Analysis of z-axis kinematics influence on measurement result

Gruza M., Harmatys W, Gąska P., Gąska A., Sładek J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 9, nr 26

109–-112

EN

CMMs accuracy depend on a number of factors. In spite of using various methods for CMM correction, the differences can be observed in the metrological capability be¬tween the areas in the measuring volume of CMM. Authors attempted to estimate the impact of one of potential CMM accuracy influencing factors, a CMM Z-axis position during measurement, on measurement result. This article presents performed experi¬ments and obtained results.

12

I++ simulator used to support working with coordinate measuring machine

Gąska A., Gąska P., Gruza M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika

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2013

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R. 110, z. 1-M

113--120

EN

This paper presents examples of usage of Coordinate Measuring Machine simulator, which facilitate metrological tasks in laboratory and industrial conditions, and constitute a great convenience in Coordinate Measuring Technique learning process.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia przykłady zastosowań symulatora Współrzędnościowej Maszyny Pomiarowej, które ułatwiają pracę metrologa w warunkach przemysłowych i laboratoryjnych oraz stanowią duże udogodnienie w procesie nauczania Współrzędnościowej Techniki Pomiarowej.

13

Identification and correction of coordinate measuring machine geometrical errors using lasertracer systems

Gąska A., Gruza M., Gąska P., Karpiuk M., Sładek J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2013

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Vol. 7, nr 20

17--22

EN

LaserTracer (LT) systems are the most sophisticated and accurate laser tracking devices. They are mainly used for correction of geometrical errors of machine tools and coordinate measuring machines. This process is about four times faster than standard methods based on usage of laser interferometers. The methodology of LaserTracer usage to correction of geometrical errors, including presentation of this system, multilateration method and software that was used are described in details in this paper.

14

Integracja sterownika PLC z wirtualnym modelem urządzenia w systemie DELMIA AUTOMATION

Słota A., Gruza M.

Mechanik

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2012

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R. 85, nr 2CD

PL

W pracy przedstawiono metodę weryfikacji programu sterownika PLC z wykorzystaniem wirtualnego modelu urządzenia sterowanego w systemie DELMIA. Omówiono sposób połączenia systemu Delmia ze sterownikiem PLC, wybór serwera OPC oraz jego konfigurację. Budowę modelu oraz konfigurację środowiska przedstawiono na przykładzie prostego urządzenia. Do realizacji przykładowego zadania wykorzystano sterownik FBs 60 MCTJ firmy FATEK oraz serwer OPC firmy Kontron.

EN

In the paper a method of PLC program verification with the use of a virtual model of controlled device built in Delmia system is presented. Connection of PLC controller with Delmia, OPC server selection and its configuration are described. The way of model building and environment configuration is presented for a simple device. For implementation of exemplary task PLC controller FBs 60 MCTJ provided by FATEK company and OPC server provided by Kontron company are used.

15

Synthesis and Determination of Alkali Metal Binding Selectivities of Chiral Macrocyclic Bissulfonamides Derived from D-Mannitol and L-Threitol

Gruza M., Pokrop A., Jurczak J.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2005

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Vol. 79 / nr 2

223-230

EN

Four chiral macrocyclic bissulfonamides derived from D-mannitol and L-threitol, possessing C2 symmetry, were obtained by a macrocyclization reaction under high-dilution conditions. Their applications for alkali metal binding processes were studied using ESI-MS technique.