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Metals in organs of bottom sediments and aquatic plants of the Ełk River and its tributaries

Skorbiłowicz E., Skorbiłowicz M., Zamojska E., Wójtowicz P.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 3

281--293

EN

The aim of the work was to analyze the content of Ni, Pb and Cd in organs (root, stem, leaf) Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea as well as bottom sediments of the Ełk River and selected tributaries. An attempt was also made to indicate the factors and processes governing the behavior of the investigated metals in the water environment of the examined rivers. The research object was the Ełk River with its three tributaries - the Gawlik River, the Binduga River and the Kuwasy Canal. Samples of bottom sediments, leaves, stems and roots of Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea were collected in August of 2015. The content of metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The results of analyses of sediments and plant material indicate a lack of environmental pollution by nickel (2.58-8.50 mg-kg-1) and lead (3.82-15.99 mg-kg-1) of the Ełk River and its tributaries whereas the cadmium content ranged from 0.16-0.76 mg-kg-1. Nuphar lutea and Typha latifolia L. showed a varied capacity to accumulate nickel (1.20-10.51 mg-kg-1) and lead (0.04-14.16 mg-kg-1), occurring primarily in the roots. The smallest concentration of nickel and lead was recorded in the stems. The highest concentration of cadmium (2.56 mg-kg-1) was noted in the roots and the lowest (0.01 mg-kg) in the leaves. Factor analysis pointed to the processes of mobilizing elements from bottom sediments as a result of pH drop and their uptake by macrophyte roots and sorption processes of metal ions by macrophytes from river waters and their intensive accumulation in bottom sediments.

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Determination of Mixing Zones for Wastewater With Receiver Waters

Skorbiłowicz M., Skorbiłowicz E., Wójtowicz P., Zamojska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 4

192--198

EN

Discharges from wastewater treatment are among the key sources of pollution, if norms included in the applied legal acts are exceeded. In determining the impact of these objects on water environment it is often assumed that complete mixing wastewater with surface water is in the point or close to the discharge. In fact, the complete mixing of waste water in a short distance from the discharge occurs incidentally depending on the type of sewage receiver. The size and type of specific sewage receiver determines the conditions of self-purification. Complete mixing zone has a huge impact on the intensity of self-purification processes. Therefore, the possibility to determine the size zone of complete mixing of the waste water from the water receiver is important. The issue involves a series of methods, the most computational, which more or less allows to evaluate the distance of mixing waste water. advection, turbulent and molecular diffusion affect mixing wastewater with surface waters. The article discusses the factors influencing the mixing process and the impact of mixing on the self-purification surface waters. The aim of the article is a review of several methods for determining the distance of the segment mix completely discharged wastewater, with regard to the location of their discharge.

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The Impact of Sewage Treatment Plant on the Amount of Heavy Metals in Water of the Supraśl River Catchment Area

Skorbiłowicz M., Skorbiłowicz E., Wójtowicz P., Ofman P., Zamojska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

136--142

EN

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treated sewage flowing from sewage treatment plants located in the basin of the Supraśl river on the concentration and load of metals in river waters and its main tributaries. Three measuring- control points were chosen, on the river and its tributaries, located near Gródek, Sokółka and Dobrzyniewo. Selected points were located behind the discharge of treated wastewater from sewage treatment plants respectively – Gródek, Sokółka and Bialystok. The samples of treated sewage and water were collected in a period from May to November, once a month in 2014. Each individual sample was examined for the content of dissolved form of the following metals: Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe2+/3+. After taking into account water flow of the Biała, Sokołda and Supraśl in every month, metals loads expressed in mg·h-1., transported by the Supraśl and its tributaries waters were calculated. In the study monthly metals loads discharged into the Biała, Sokołda and Supraśl by sewage treatment plants in Białystok, Sokółka and Gródek were also calculated. The studies have shown the impact of metals load in treated wastewater on metals loads in waters of studied rivers based on the obtained correlation. Most of the searched relations between loafs of Pb2+ – r = 0,88; Cd2+ – r = 0,98; Fe2+/3+ – r = 0,45; Ni2+ – r = 0,55; Zn2+ – r = 0,86 were obtained in case of wastewater treatment plant in Gródek and Supraśl waters. In the study period we observed a diversity in concentration of Cd2+, Fe2+/3+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ in treated sewage and in river waters, which affected loads of this metals.

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Pollution Sources and Water Quality State of the Supraśl River

Skorbiłowicz M., Skorbiłowicz E., Wójtowicz P., Ofman P., Zamojska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

64--69

EN

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate water quality of the Supraśl river and identify its main pollution sources. On the river and its tributaries, 8 control points were selected, located near Krynica, Gródek, Nowosiółki, Zasady (mouth of the tributary Sokołda), Supraśl, Nowodworce, Dobrzyniewo (mouth of the tributary Biała) and Dzikie. The control points were selected in such a way as to take into account the impact of major point sources of analyzed components located along the river and its main tributaries on water quality in the main stream catchment. Water samples were collected once a month during the period from May to November in 2014. In water samples the concentration of dissolved oxygen, Cl-, SO42-, N-NH4+, P-PO43- and the values of pH, BOD5 and electrolytic conductivity were indicated. Based on the obtained results, loads of the individual components in river waters were calculated as a product of concentration and Supraśl waters flow rate in a particular month. Supraśl waters, due to values of most analyzed parameters, should be classified as first quality class. The source of Cl-, SO42-, N-NH4+ in Supraśl waters were treated wastewater and other anthropogenic sources associated with the basin development. Reduced Supraśl water quality is caused by the inflow of organic substances expressed by BZT5 from natural and anthropogenic origin and concentration of PO43-, which were mainly delivered with treated wastewater.

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Macrophytes as Ełk River Quality Status Evaluation Indicators Based on Example of Nickel

Skorbiłowicz E., Skorbiłowicz M., Zamojska E., Ofman P., Wójtowicz P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 3

155--160

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze the content of Ni in fractions of 1.0–0.2 mm, 0.2–0.1 mm, 0.1–0.063 mm, 0.063–0.02 mm, and <0.02 mm of river bottom sediments and plants (root, stem, leaf) of broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia), yellow water lilies (Nuphar lutea), and cowbane (Cicuta virosa). Nickel content in bottom sediment was slightly higher than the geochemical background. The largest amounts of Ni were associated with the finest fraction, while the smallest with the thickest fraction. The highest content of this element was recorded at the point Ełk Barany, which was connected with developing industry in the city of Ełk. All of the tested plants showed greater Ni contents than the amount naturally occurring in plants. In most cases, most of Ni was associated with plant roots, and the least with leaves. It has been proven that aquatic plants can be good indicators of the aquatic environment status.

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Porosity of Silica Gels from Isobars of Desorption

Stefaniak M., Goworek J., Zamojska E.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2008

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Vol. 82, nr 1-2

339-344

EN

Thermogravimetric studies have been carried out over a wide range of temperatures permitting determination of the pore structure of silica gels. Using the TG method the desorption isobars of various adsorptives were measured. On the basis of these data pore size distributions, PSDs for series of silica gels were calculated and compared to PSDs derived from low temperature adsorption/desorption isotherms of nitrogen.