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1 2024

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An introduction to laser materials processing

Lima M. S. F., Siqueira R. H. M., Batalha G. F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2024

Vol. 126, nr 1

17--30

Purpose: of the paper is to proceed with a short introduction and review of lasers for materials processing, showing that they have been used for marking, machining, treating, welding, and additive manufacturing in different areas, such as can-code bar printing and aeroplane manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach: The paper proceeded with a short review and introduced the laser processing of materials based on the authors' experience. Findings: The laser processing system revenues from cutting operations attained approximately 45% of the global market, followed by 20% for welding and brazing and 10% for marking and engraving. Research limitations/implications: Laser beam welding is the principal manufacturing technology for joining applications because of its low heat input, which leads to low distortions, high welding speeds, good control of the microstructure, and flexibility. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) of potentially dangerous substances (bio-agents, drugs, and nuclei), where a very small portion of the target is burned and analysed at a secure distance. Practical implications: Laser additive manufacturing is a growing area of interest in many industries and, together with surface processing, could be a major driving force for the laser market in the coming years. The paper briefly reviews the important characteristics of each laser–material processing technology for prospective users. Originality/value: The value of this introductory review is based on previous research and contributions carried out by the authors.