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Is the state really a Leviathan? Testing the model of Buchanan and Brennan in Europe

Możdżeń M.

Managerial Economics

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2014

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Vol. 15, no. 1

83--96

EN

This article is an attempt to synthetically present and test the main conclusions of the State-as-Leviathan model. In the first part, the main assumptions of the model are described. In the second, the model is developed further in order to present main research hypotheses. In the third part, the critique and remarks on the model are reviewed. The fourth part is devoted to developing an empirical model and presenting the main findings of the analysis. The summary concludes the text with some suggestions for future research. The conducted analysis allows us to draw conclusions pointing to the less-than-perfect ability of the Leviathan model to describe real events in the areas of fiscal policy and taxation and, in some instances, seems to corroborate the conclusions ascribed to the "orthodox" theory of public finance criticized by Buchanan and Brennan. A regression model built upon a database on selected EU countries derived from the Eurostat, European Commission and European Social Survey points to the fact that indeed the broadness of the taxable base can positively influence public revenue. And it also negatively affects the way people perceive the national government (in linę with model assumptions). But when we turn to the influence of the broadness of the base on its perceived quality of life, we can find out that, in the countries with a relatively broad base, people's perceived life satisfaction is significantly higher (in line with "orthodox" theories). At the same time, the analysis corroborates to some extent Leviathan-model suggestions that progressive taxation is beneficial for the citizens in comparison to proportional, as some recent research shows.

2

Cultural landscape potential and local strategies of rural area development

Brożek M., Możdżeń M., Pijanowski J. M.

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2013

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no. 1

7--17

EN

The article presents results of research and implementation studies conducted at the University of Agriculture in Krakow within the project VITAL LANDSCAPES realized with the support of the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme funded by the EU. The research covered the area of the manor and park complex funded by the family of von Nostitz in Mściwojów. Project activities involved innovative combination of advanced 3D visualizations with the participation of local communities and decision-makers for the valorisation of local cultural landscape assets, which were regarded as important elements of local rural development strategies. Activities towards developing local strategies are now an important trend in Europe. They usually engage local and subregional stakeholders in the development processes in rural areas with special emphasis on the development of strategy concepts, in accordance with the principles of Agenda 21.

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Przebieg procesów samooczyszczania wód rzeki Drwinki na przykładzie wskaźników tlenowych

Natkaniec J., Możdżeń M.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2012

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Nr 8

342-344

PL

Drwinka, ze względu na cechy morfologiczne koryta to ciek o charakterze nizinnym. W części górnego biegu przepływa przez teren zurbanizowany (przemysłowy, miejski), następnie przez tereny użytkowane rolniczo z zabudową rozproszonych gospodarstw wiejskich oraz zalesione tereny Puszczy Niepołomickiej, a w ujściowym biegu przez wieś Drwinię. W celu określenia zdolności cieku do samooczyszczania przeprowadzono badania zmienności tlenowych wskaźników jakości wody: BZT5, ChZT i tlen rozpuszczony, na ośmiu wybranych odcinkach badawczych, różniących się sposobem obudowy koryta oraz zagospodarowaniem terenów przyległych. Wodę do analiz pobierano w odstępach miesięcznych w latach 2009 i 2010.

EN

Drwinka river is a lowland one because of morphological features of its channel. Part of an upper reaches of the river flows through an urbanized area (industrial, urban), then it flows by areas with buildings used for agricultural and rural settlement and afforested areas of Niepołomice. In finally it runs through the Drwinia village. In order to determine self-purifying capacity of the river, studies of the variability of oxygen indicators of water quality: BOD5, COD and dissolved oxygen where conducted. The river was divided into five sections of research, which have different type of building and land use. Water samples were collected for analysis, at monthly intervals, in the year 2009 and 2010. Results of investigation can be used in planning on optimal management of catchment areas, reconstruction and maintenance of a stream channel which has an impact on its ability to self-purification and a level of water flow.

4

Możliwości sterowania parametrami mikrostruktury żeliwa sferoidalnego w odlewach cienkościennych za pomocą modyfikacji w formie

Możdżeń M., Olszowska-Sobieraj B.

Przegląd Odlewnictwa

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1999

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Vol. 49, z. 2

55-60

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań możliwości sterowania parametrami mikrostruktury żeliwa sferoidalnego w odlewach cienkościennych, o grubości ścianek 20, 10 i 5 mm, za pomocą modyfikowania w formie. Modyfikatory w postaci kształtek odlewanych, ze szkłem wodnym jako spoiwem, bądź w postaci ziarnistych wyprasek umieszczane w komorze reakcyjnej układu wlewowego formy, różniły się między sobą technologią otrzymywania. Pokazano możliwości kształtowania parametrów mikrostruktury za pomocą zaproponowanej technologii. Uzyskano założony cel, otrzymując każdorazowo w ściance o grubości 5 mm równomiernie rozłożone wydzielenia grafitu w osnowie ferrytycznej.

EN

In the article the investigation results of controlling microstructure parameters of S.G. iron in thin-walled castings with the wall thickness of 20, 10 and 5 mm by means of in-mould inoculation are presented. Inoculants, either in form of test blocks with water glass as binding agent or in form of granular die stampings, placed in the reaction chamber of the the mould gating system, differed various technology. Possibilities were shown how the applied technology enabls shaping of the microstructure parameters. The final aim was achieved obtaining each time in the wall of 5 mm cross-section regularly distributed graphite precipitations in ferritic matrix.