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1 2022

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A new brain dedicated PET scanner with 4D detector information

Gonzalez-Montoro Andrea, Barbera Julio, Sanchez David, Mondejar Alvaro, Freire Marta, Diaz Karel, Lucero Alejandro, Jimenez-Serrano Santiago, Alamo Jorge, Morera-Ballester Constantino, Barrio John, Cucarella Neus, Ilisie Victor, Moliner Laura, Valladares Celia, Gonzalez Antonio J., Prior John, Benlloch Jose M.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

2022

Vol. 18, no. 1

107--119

In this article, we present the geometrical design and preliminary results of a high sensitivity organspecific Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system dedicated to the study of the human brain. The system, called 4D-PET, will allow accurate imaging of brain studies due to its expected high sensitivity, high 3D spatial resolution and, by including precise photon time of flight (TOF) information, a boosted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The 4D-PET system incorporates an innovative detector design based on crystal slabs (semi-monolithic) that enables accurate 3D photon impact positioning (including photon Depth of Interaction (DOI) measurement), while providing a precise determination of the photon arrival time to the detector. The detector includes a novel readout system that reduces the number of detector signals in a ratio of 4:1 thus, alleviating complexity and cost. The analog output signals are fed to the TOFPET2 ASIC (PETsys) for scalability purposes. The present manuscript reports the evaluation of the 4D-PET detector, achieving best values 3D resolution values of < 1,6 mm (pixelated axis), 2.7±0.5 mm (monolithic axis) and 3.4±1.1 (DOI axis) mm; 359 ± 7 ps coincidence time resolution (CTR); 10.2±1.5 % energy resolution; and sensitivity of 16.2% at the center of the scanner (simulated). Moreover, a comprehensive description of the 4D-PET architecture (that includes 320 detectors), some pictures of its mechanical assembly, and simulations on the expected image quality are provided.