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1
Content available Thermomodernization – Rescue for the Building
EN
The article discusses issues related to modifying existing buildings to improve their condition in terms of lower energy consumption and reducing heat loss. The study takes the form of a review. Current systems and data are described according to relevant standards. The issue of the energy efficiency of the building is explored. A list of the most common ways of thermal modernization has been presented. Financial support programs were discussed. The merits and drawbacks of the solutions are delineated.
EN
The article discusses selected ways of saving energy. It is a review material on the problems of humanity and industry in terms of energy consumption of machines, and devices as well as principles and actions aimed at improving and protecting the environment and the Earth – as our planet. Energy efficiency, which should go hand in hand with energy saving, was also mentioned. A prognosis for the coming years and new ways of labelling devices were presented. In addition, the issue of greenhouse gases and their emissions into the atmosphere was also raised.
EN
The contemporary problems and issues of environmental protection refer to a large extent to problems related – generally speaking – to energy. Currently, the production processes mainly concern the combustion of energy fuels, transport – over long distances, and their use for utility purposes, e.g. engine drive or heating. These processes significantly negatively impact the environment and are magnified by their enormous intensity and size. While energy production and transport processes have been studied for many years, and their results are widely published, the issues related to the application and operation of heating devices are little known and require much observation and research. The operating indicators of heating devices are generally characterized by low values (natural convection), and their artificial increase (intensity) cannot be used due to the acoustic effects and additional (significant) investment costs. The article presents some research results on the intensification of heat flow – i.e. the thermal efficiency of flat heaters placed in a room with a specific temperature. Physical phenomena were investigated numerically by shaping the heat exchange space. The tested systems concerned a room with a free-standing heater, a heater with a vertical panel mounted in parallel, and a system with a curved bottom plate forming the so-called de Laval nozzle. Interesting results of air velocity and temperature fields and values of the heat transfer coefficient along the height of the heater were obtained. Based on the presented research, it can be concluded that the creation of convection surfaces around the heater is advisable because it affects the intensity of heat exchange, which can be increased without energy-intensive energy expenditure, i.e. in a non-mechanical way. Undoubtedly contributes positively to investment and operating costs, which is essential in environmental protection issues.
EN
The aim of reviewing information was characterizing in the labor factor using in refrigeration technology is and their impact on the environment. The development of the refrigeration industry occurred thanks to progress towards coolants. The most important aspect of using of refrigerators is their impact on health and human life, and atmosphere. By caring for health, the European Union achieves legal rights. Research on thermodynamic factors pose a wide field of work for many scientists and are the most popular, new information, that can be used in practice.
PL
Magazynowanie ciepła staje sią coraz istotniejszym zagadnieniem w związku z rozwojem technologii mających na celu optymalizacją produkcji i rozpływu ciepła − zarówno w aspektach miejskich, gminnych, jak i indywidualnego odbiorcy. W artykule opisano zagadnienia związane z magazynowaniem ciepła w zasobnikach wodnych współpracujących z pompami ciepła oraz kolektorami słonecznymi. Opisano również alternatywne metody magazynowania ciepła na przykład w materiałach PCM lub w gruncie.
EN
The purpose of the work was to perform experimental tests on a plate heat exchanger. For this purpose, a laboratory test stand located in the hall of the Koszalin University of Technology was used. The experiment concerned checking the isothermal face of a flat panel radiator. Temperature distributions were checked at three board heights and in twelve finite elements. Temperature distribution fields were obtained depending on the flow rates tested.
PL
Celem pracy było wykonanie badań eksperymentalnych na płytowym wymienniku ciepła. W tym celu wykorzystano laboratoryjne stanowisko badawcze zlokalizowane w sali Politechniki Koszalińskiej. Eksperyment dotyczył sprawdzenia izotermicznej powierzchni płaskiego grzejnika płytowego. Rozkłady temperatury sprawdzono na trzech wysokościach płyty i w dwunastu elementach skończonych. W zależności od badanych natężeń przepływu uzyskano pola rozkładu temperatury.
EN
The purpose of the work was to perform a numerical analysis enabling to learn the influence of the angle of inclination of a flat partition placed at the plate heat exchanger on the thermal efficiency of the device. It turns out that the inclination of the partition affects this efficiency. Selected systems allowed to capture these changes in the studied range and to visualize them graphically.
PL
Celem pracy było wykonanie analizy numerycznej umożliwiającej poznanie wpływu kąta pochylenia przegrody płaskiej umieszczonej przy płytowym wymienniku ciepła na wydajność cieplną urządzenia. Okazuje się, że pochylenie przegrody ma wpływ na tą wydajność. Wybrane układy pozwoliły uchwycić te zmiany w badanym zakresie i zobrazować graficznie.
PL
Szerokie możliwości konfiguracji obiegów chłodniczych opartych na czynnikach CO2 pozwalają na ich aplikację w wielu systemach. Autorzy przedstawiają i omawiają obiegi, które mogą być stosowane jednocześnie do ogrzewania oraz chłodzenia przechowywanej żywności, a także w procesach osuszania czy w procesach destylacyjnych i pasteryzacji żywności.
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