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Effect of Fluoride and Bentonite on Biochemical Aspects of Oxidative Stress in Pisum sativum

Śnioszek M., Telesiński A., Smolik B., Zakrzewska H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 2

164--171

EN

Fluoride is regarded as one of the strongest oxidants, which causes oxidative changes in cells of living organisms. It may both increase the content of reactive oxygen species and inhibit the activity of antioxidative enzyme. In recent years, many researchers successfully used the properties of clay minerals in the sorption of fluoride ion from water. This raises the question of the possibility of limiting the effect of fluorine on the negative changes in plants by adding bentonite to soil. A two-year pot experiment was carried out in the Greenhouse of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, on loamy sand and sandy loam. Each sample of soil was mixed with three different concentrations of bentonite – 1, 5, 10% of dry weight (DW) of the soil and then treated with 30 mmol of F- per 1 kg of dry weight of the soil in a form of NaF solution. A control series was prepared for each soil, to which no additives were added. The medium prepared in such way was transferred to plastic pots (3 kg each) and seeded with 16 pea seeds of Pisum sativum. In three phases of pea development (4 leaves unfolded, flowering and development of fruit), fresh leaf samples were collected and the concentrations of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, total flavonoids and total polyphenols were measured. Sodium fluoride introduced to the soil changed the level of antioxidant parameters in the plant, which may suggest that fluoride is involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. Bentonite in a dosage of 10% reduced the toxic effects of fluoride on the oxidative balance and morphological changes in the plant, which was observed especially for loamy sand, naturally poor in clay minerals.

2

Response of Soil Phosphatases to Three Different Ionic Liquids With Hexafluorophosphate Anion

Telesiński A., Śnioszek M., Biczak R., Pawłowska B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 2

86--91

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three different ionic liquids (ILs): 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidynium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrrol][PF6], 1-butyl-1-methylpiperydynium hexafluorophosphate [Piper][PF6] and 1-butyl-4-methylopirydynium hexafluorophosphate [Piryd][PF6] on phosphatase activities in soil. The pot experiment was carried out on loamy sand (Corg content 9.0 g/kg) with spring barley as a tested plant. The ILs was used at the dosages of 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, 400, 700 and 1000 mg/kg dry matter (DM). On day 14, soil samples were collected and activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acid phosphomonoesterase, phosphotriesterase and inorganic pyrophosphatase were determined. Based on the analysis of the effect measure η2 by variance analysis – ANOVA – the percentage shares of all variable factors affecting the activity of phosphatases were also defined. Obtained results showed that the application of different dosages of all ILs caused mainly non-significant changes in phosphatase activity. Changes in activity of phosphatases were often not dependent on IL dosages. The most sensitive for ILs were both phosphomonoesterases. The type of ILs had the highest percentage participation in formation of acid phosphomonoesterase activity, while dosages of ILs affected mainly alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphotriesterase activities.

3

Assessment of Napropamide Dissipation and its Effect on Soil Enzymatic Activity

Onyszko M., Telesiński A., Płatkowski M., Stręk M., Śnioszek M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 6

64--70

EN

This paper assesses the dissipation of napropamide and its impact on the activity of dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and urease in sandy clay loam. The experiment was carried out on soil samples with organic carbon content of 12.08 g·kg-1, total nitrogen content of 0.97 g·kg-1, and pH 5.24 with the following variable factors: (a) dose of Devrinol 450 SC formation (containing 450 g of naprop-amide in dm3): 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16-fold hold of field dose; (b) day of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112. The half-life of napropamide ranged from 33.50 to 71.42 days. The use of napropamide at the dose recommended by the manufacturer and at the dose reduced by half appeared to exhibit low toxicity in relation to enzymes determined. In contrast, the application of elevated napropamide doses decreased the values of biochemical parameters of the soil in most cases. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed statistically significant negative correlation between the content of napropamide residues and the enzymatic activity of the soil.

4

Toksyczność imidazoliowych cieczy jonowych z anionem zawierającym fluor dla wybranych gatunków chwastów

Biczak R., Pawłowska B., Telesiński A., Stręk M., Płatkowski M., Śnioszek M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2016

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Vol. 10, No. 2

595--605

PL

Jednymi z najbardziej rozpowszechnionych i najczęściej badanych cieczy jonowych są imidazoliowe ciecze jonowe. Część z tych związków, tj. heksafluorofosforany czy tetrafluoroborany, zawiera w swej budowie fluor, który może wykazywać bardzo niekorzystny wpływ na środowisko. Ze względu na duże zainteresowanie tymi związkami niezbędne jest określenie ich wpływu na środowisko, w tym na różne gatunki roślin wyższych. Roślinami szeroko rozpowszechnionymi na całym świecie są chwasty. W niniejszej pracy dokonano oceny wpływu tetrafluoroboranu 1-butylo-2,3-dimetyloimidazoliowego [BMMIM][BF4] i heksafluorofosforanu 1-butylo-2,3-dimetyloimidazoliowego [BMMIM][PF6], zastosowanych w formie oprysku, na trzy popularne gatunki chwastów: żółtlicę drobnokwiatową (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), szczaw zwyczajny (Rumex acetosa L.) oraz komosę białą (Chenopodium album L.). W wyniku przeprowadzonych badań okazało się, że [BMMIM][PF6] najsilniejsze działanie wykazywał w stosunku do roślin komosy białej, natomiast rośliną najbardziej wrażliwą na działanie [BMMIM][BF4] okazał się szczaw zwyczajny. Żółtlica drobnokwiatowa była rośliną o największej tolerancji na badane ciecze jonowe. ILs powodowały inhibicję wzrostu roślin i ich korzeni, wzrost zawartości suchej masy oraz spadek zawartości barwników asymilacyjnych w liściach badanych chwastów. Wszystkie zaobserwowane zmiany w dużym stopniu były uzależnione od zastosowanego stężenia cieczy jonowych.

EN

One of the most common and most studied of ionic liquids are imidazolium ionic liquids. Some of these compounds, i.e. hexafluorophosphates or tetrafluoroborates contains fluorine in their structure which may have a negative impact on the environment. Because of so much interest in these compounds it is necessary to determine their impact on the environment including various species of higher plants. Plants widely distributed around the world are weeds. In this paper we attempt to assess the impact of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMMIM][BF4], and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMMIM][PF6] applied as sprays on three popular weed species: gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) and white goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.). The studies found that [BMMIM][PF6] showed the strongest activity in relation to plant white goosefoot, while the plant most susceptible to the [BMMIM][BF4] proved to be a common sorrel. Plant the most resistant to the tested compounds was galant soldier. Investigated ILs resulted in inhibition of plant growth and root growth of the dry weight content and a decrease in the assimilation pigments in the leaves studied weeds. All observed changes were largely dependent on the concentration of the compound.