This paper surveys results of the comprehensive turbulent measurements in the stable boundary layer (SBL) made over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) in the Beaufort Gyre from October 1997 through September 1998. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data were continuously measured and reported hourly at five levels on a 20-m main SHEBA tower. Eleven months of measurements during SHEBA cover a wide range of stability conditions, from the weakly unstable regime to very stable stratification, and allow studying the SBL in detail. A brief overview of the SBL regimes, the fluxprofile relationships, the turbulent Prandtl number, and other parameters obtained during SHEBA is given. The traditional Monin-Obukhov approach, z-less scaling, and gradient-based scaling are evaluated and discussed based on the data from SHEBA.
Synthesis of mono- and ditrityl ethers of mannobiosides and mannotriosides as precursors for higher mannooligosaccharides is described. Advantage is taken of selective glycosylation of primary-secondary ditrityl ethers and selective removal of O-acetyl protective groups in the presence of O-benzoyl protective groups.
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