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Vistulian litho- and pedosedimentary cycles recorded in the Kolodiiv loess-palaeosol sequence (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine) determined by laser grain-size analysis

Frankowski Z., Łanczont M., Boguckyj A.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

147-160

EN

In the Kolodiiv site, occur ring in the valley of the Sivka River (tributary of the Dniester River, Ukraine), Vistulian loess forms a subaerial cover over the Pleistocene terrace II. This terrace consists also of Eemian deposits (palaeosol or organic sediments) under lain by an alluvial succession of Wartanian age. The Kolodiiv 2 profile was studied in detail in order to reconstruct the conditions of loess accumulation, and consequently the climatic-environmental changes, that took place in this region. Eight lithogenetic units were distinguished in the profile: five trans formed by pedogenesis, and three loess beds. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a thorough examination of the units lithology, in particular the grain-size distribution, in order to investigate those loess-forming factors that are influenced by environmental changes (i.e. nature of source material, distance and dynamics of transport, type of deposition and redeposition, and hypergenetic processes). To achieve this, 174 samples were taken at 10 cm spacings along the profile, and the grain-size distributions of the deposits were determined using a laser method with 21 grain-size intervals examined in each sample and statistically analyses. Statistical analysis included: calculation of the main grain-size parameters (according to Folk and Ward's method), grain-size index (Ding etal., 1994) and also two statistical tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman rank correlation) applied in order to find differences or similarities between the grain-size distributions of the lithogenetic units distinguished. Stratigraphic variations in grain-size distribution reflect the division of the deposits into stratigraphic units previously arrived at. Mean values of grain-size index (Igs1) indicate that loess units 2, 4 and 6, differ from the palaeosol units 3, 5 and 7. The grain-size distribution of loess deposits in the Kolodiiv 2 profile varies, with marked dominance of the silt fraction, which indicates that these deposits were trans ported by winds of similar velocities carrying material a short distance from source. As the Aeolian conditions that formed loess deposits in the Kolodiiv 2 profile were generally stable, differences in the grain-size distribution of unit 2 representing the Upper Pleniglacial, suggest three cycles of loess deposition during that interval (with the middle cycle characterized by the most distinct, short-term oscillations in environmental dynamics). The variability in grain-size distribution in units 3-5, which to get her represent the Interplenivistulian (Middle Pleniglacial), reflects the climatic heterogeneity of this period. The palaeosol layers are diamictic. Higher values of grain-size indices show that all Upper Pleistocene palaeosol units of high (interglacial) and low (interstadial) rank are characterized by higher content of fine relative to coarse fraction the lowest mean values of grain-size index occur the soil unit 1, of Holocene age, suggests that this unit is probably a product of very recent, Neoholocene pedogenesis and does not represent the en tire Holocene epoch. The statistical tests results show, great similarity between loess units 2 and 4 (from the middle and upper part of the Pleniglacial), and also between palaeosol units 7 and 8 forming the Horohiv slpalaeosol unit (an Eemian palaeosol and interstadial palaeosols from the Early Vistulian). Further more, the individual nature of loess unit 6, deposited during the Lower Pleniglacial, seems to be associated with the climatic characteristics of this interval.

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Palaeomagnetic studies of the loess-palaeosol sequence from the Kolodiiv section (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine)

Nawrocki J., Boguckyj A., Łanczont M.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

161-166

EN

The Upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequence from the Kolodiiv section (East Carpathian Fore land) has been palaeomagnetically studied. Almost all samples displayed moderate to high positive palaeomagnetic inclinations and declinations en closed between 320° and 40°. How ever, one sample from the fossil soil of the last inter glacial pedocomplex (at 16.6 m pro file depth) was reverse magnetized and there fore can be correlated with the Blake Palaeomagnetic Event. Consequently that palaeosol can be related to (Oxygen Isotope Stage) OIS 5e1. An other sample from the Dubno 1 interstadial palaeosol demonstrated southern declination and significant lowering of inclination (up to 40°). This might be a record of the Laschamp Palaeomagnetic Event or of any Late Pleistocene palaeomagnetic excursion. The magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization data reflect the presence of several soils forming during the warm conditions of OIS 5 and the complex nature of the Eemian warming. Two palaeosols that developed between ca.115 ka and 120 ka indicate at least two climatic optima during the Eemian. High values of magnetic susceptibility (up to 300 Ą 10-6 SI units) noted in the middle of the section that contains slump deposits (9.5 m to 11m of depth) suggest that this material was derived from older soils of inter glacial type.

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Mousterian artifacts from the unique Vistulian loess-palaeosol sequence at Kolodiiv (East Carpathian Fore land, Ukraine)

Sytnyk O., Boguckyj A., Łanczont M.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

189-192

EN

The remains of a Mousterian cultural layer were found on the solifluction horizon at kolodiiv, Ukraine, separating two Early Vistulian palaeosols. The geological position of the finds and the typological characteristics of the assemblage allow us to refer this site to the bifacial techniques of the "East-Micoquian Route of Development".

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High-resolution terrestrial archive of climatic oscillations during Oxygen Isotope Stages 5-2 in the loess-palaeosol sequence at Kolodiiv (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine)

Łanczont M., Boguckyj A.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

105-126

EN

The Kolodiiv section is situated in the central part of the East Carpathian Fore land, on the right bank of the Sivka River, the Carpathian tributary of the Dniester River. This paper summarizes investigations on the loess deposit succession representing the Late Pleistocene, which is subdivided by several interstadial palaeosols and is bracketed by the last interglacial soil/organic deposits and Holocene soil. The Kolodiiv loess-palaeosol sequence provides an excellent high-resolution terrestrial archive of changing climate during OIS 5-2 in the East Carpathian Fore land and forms the basis for a regional pedo- and loess stratigraphy. The stratigraphic scheme was constructed on the basis of palaeosol occurrence, lithological variation in the deposits, and also the results of TL dating and palaeomagnetic in vestigations. The exposure at Kolodiiv contains an archaeological site with Middle Palaeolithic materials. Four types of palaeopedological taxa have been distinguished within the loess deposit at Kolodiiv: an interglacial (Eemian) soil unit, which includes one or two soil-forming episodes; interstadial palaeosols, which include two weaker soil-forming episodes; thin interstadial two-horizonpalaeosols; monogenetic incipient palaeosols. Palaeosols from the first and second group form the Horohiv soil unit correlated with OIS 5. Palaeosols from the third and fourth group occur as different soil types within the Dubno 1 and 2 units, which correspond to OIS 3.

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Geochemical composition of Vistulian loess and micromorphology of interstadial palaeosols at the Kolodiiv site (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine

Łącka B., Łanczont M., Madeyska T., Boguckyj A.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

127-146

EN

This paper summarizes geochemical and palaeopedological investigations of the Upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences at the Kolodiiv site. The Kolodiiv 2, 3 and 5 profiles were selected for this study. The Kolodiiv 2 profile contains loesses, interglacial (Eemian) and interstadial (Vistulian) palaeosols. A set of Early Vistulian soils over lying Eemian gyttja and peat is exposed in the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles. The mineral composition of the 50-2 mm silt fraction was analysed using non-oriented powder samples by means of X-ray dif - fraction. The total concentrations of nine major (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, K and Na) and nine trace elements (Zn, Pb, Ni, Rb, Cr, Sr, Ba, Co, V) as well as the humus content and loss on ignition were measured. The major elements concentrations in mineral deposits from the Kolodiiv 2 loess-palaeosol sequence indicate that the loess particles were derived from poorly weathered source rocks that have under - gone at least one sedimentary cycle. Climatic conditions have strongly in fluenced the mobilization and accumulation of elements in the palaeosol horizons due to the changes in the intensity of weathering and pedogenic processes. For the micromorphological study, ten samples from the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles were used. Thin sections representing the Kolodiiv and Dubno set of palaeosols from Early Vistulian and Middle Pleniglacial show, be sides palaeopedologic characteristics, significant evidence of redeposition of sediments and soils.

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New Late Vendian palaeogeography of Baltica and the TESZ

Nawrocki J., Boguckyj A., Katinas V.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 4

309--316

EN

New palaeomagnetic poles obtained from the Vendian tuffs and basalts of western Ukraine indicate the necessity of a substantial revision of the Late Vendian-Early Cambrian palaeogeography of the Baltic plate. The palaeopole calculated for the most stable component isolated from the Vendian tuffs and basalts is far away from the Vendian-Cambrian apparent polar wander path (APWP), constructed on the basis of Scandinavian poles but is very close to the pole recently isolated from the Vendian sediments of the White Sea Region. Depending on the polarity of the newly-determined Late Vendian pole, two palaeogeographic models of the Baltic plate in the Late Vendian-Early Cambrian are possible. In our preferred model the Baltic plate moved at that time from the moderate southern latitudes to the equator rotating anticlockwise of ca. 120 degrees Celsius. This reconstruction explains the geological structures of the marginal zones of Baltica better than the previously proposed stationary model of the Late Vendian-Cambrian Baltica. According to the new late Vendian palaeogeographic scenario, the European, passive margin of Baltica was separated from an active, Avalonian margin of Gondwana. The Late Neoproterozoic tectonic structures of the Brunovistulian Terrane and the Małopolska Block were developed near the present day southwestern corner of Baltica that was tectonically active at that time. Alternative reconstruction shows the Baltic platemoving from the moderate northern latitudes in the Vendian, crossing palaeoequator in the latest Vendian, and reaching moderate southern palaeolatitudes in the Late Cambrian. This model, however, would have required exceptionally high plate velocity (ca. 33 cm/year).

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Kluczowy profil interglacjału mazowieckiego w Krukienicach na międzyrzeczu Sanu i Dniestru (Ukraina)

Łanczont M., Pidek I. A., Boguckyj A., Wieliczkiewicz Feliks, Wojtanowicz J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 7

597-608

PL

Obszar międzyrzecza Sanu i Dniestru na Wschodnim Podkarpaciu (północno-zachodnia część Ukrainy)- teren o kluczowym znaczeniu dla wielu problemów paleogeografii i stratygrafii czwartorzędu - uległ zlodowaceniu tylko w okresie glacjału san 2, ok. 500 ka BP. Osady staroglacjalne położone na dziale wodnym występują bezpośrednio przy powierzchni lub pod niewielką pokrywą osadów młodszych. Wyraźnie są tu zachowane formy rzeźby poglacjalnej. Dla problematyki mezoplejstocenu tego obszaru podstawowe znaczenie ma profil Krukienice. Przeprowadzono w nim kompleksowe badania osadów mineralnych (lessowych, jeziornych i glacigenicznych) oraz osadów organicznych (torf, gytia), dla których wykonano pełną analizę paleobotaniczną. Datowane metodą TL osady mineralne powyżej torfów i gytii reprezentują glacjały liwca i odry, zaś poniżej-osady związane z pobytem na międzyrzeczu Sanu i Dniestru lądolodu sanu 2. W stanowisku tym występuje prawie pełna mazowiecka sukcesja pyłkowa. Diagram pyłkowy przedstawia sześć lokalnych poziomów zespołów pyłkowych (L PAZ), które przyporządkowano czterem interglacjalnym okresom pyłkowym. Bogata flora makroszczątkowa stanowiska wykazuje obecność kilkunastu nasion cisa i kilku egzotycznych taksonów. Podobieństwa pomiędzy makroflorą z Krukienic i innymi makroflorami mazowieckiego wieku dowodzą jednolitego charakteru warunków klimatycznych panujących na dużych obszarach. Osady organogeniczne, występujące w kotlinowatych zagłębieniach sąsiadujących z kopalnym jeziorem, są związane ze schyłkową częścią interglacjału mazowieckiego. W artykule została zaprezentowana paleogeograficzna interpretacja rozwoju tego jeziora i sąsiadującego obszaru.

EN

The San and Dniester interfluve in the East Carpathian Foreland (north-western part of the Ukraine) - an extremely important area when considering many questions related to Quaternary palaeogeography and stratigraphy - was glaciated only once, during the San 2 Glaciation, about 500 ka BP. Old glacial deposits occurring in watershed areas are exposed or overlain by a thin cover of younger sediments. The glacial landforms are well preserved. The Krukienice profile of the Quaternary deposits is of fundamental importance for the problems connected with the Mesopleistocene in the studied area. The complex research of this profile concerned both mineral (loess, lacustrine, glacigenic) and organic (peat, gyttja) deposits. TL dated mineral deposits overlying peat and gyttja represent the Liwiec and Odra Glaciations, and those occurring under organic deposits are related to the San 2 Glaciation in the San and Dniester interfluve. Palaeobotanical analysis revealed almost complete pollen succession of the Mazovian Interglacial occurring in organic deposits of a fossil lake. Six local pollen assemblage zones (L PAZ), corresponding to four interglacial pollen periods, are presented as a simplified pollen diagram. The rich macroscopic flora of the site with the presence of a dozen or so seeds of Taxus and several exotic taxa is noteworthy. The similarities between Krukenyći macroflora and other macrofloras of the Mazovian Interglacial age evidence the uniformity of climatic conditions on vast areas. Organic deposits occurring in the depressions adjacent to the fossil lake are related to the end part of the Mazovian Interglacial. Palaeogeographical interpretation of the lake and neighbouring area development is presented.

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Stratygrafia lessów Naddniestrza halickiego

Boguckyj A., Łanczont M.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 119

315-327

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Historia badań czwartorzedu i rzeźby Naddniestrza halickiego

Boguckyj A., Łanczont M., Jacyšyn A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 119

27-31

10

Budowa geologiczna i środowisko przyrodnicze Naddniestrza halickiego

Łanczont M., Boguckyj A., Kravčuk J., Jacyšyn A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 119

9-15

11

Badane profile lessowe i stanowiska paleolityczne Naddniestrza halickiego

Łanczont M., Boguckyj A.

Studia Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 119

33-181

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Divergence in the TL dating resulting from different methods of equivalent dose determination

Kusiak J., Łanczont M., Boguckyj A., Wojtanowicz J.

Geochronometria

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2002

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Vol. 21

27-32

EN

This paper focuses on problems connected with equivalent dose (ED) estimation. The ED results obtained by using two methods: regeneration (R) and total-bleach (TB) were compared. To this end, ten loess samples were taken from about 20 m thick Zahvizdja profile (western Ukraine). The obtained results show that the ED values are strongly dependent on the applied technique. When using the regeneration method, the maximum ED value observed is 1051š158 Gy. The total-bleach procedure gives considerably different results, because the gradual increase of ED values is recorded up to 2833š896 Gy. TL ages obtained by the TB method were confirmed by palaeomagnetic investigations.

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Palaeolithic Loess-Site Yezupil on Dnister (Ukraine) - Stratigraphy, environment and cultures

Boguckyj A., Cyrek K., Konecka-Betley K., Łanczont M., Madeyska T., Nawrocki J., Sytnyk O.

Studia Quaternaria

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2001

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Vol. 18

25-46

EN

Yezupil is the first Middle Palaeolithic site discovered in upper part of the Dnister River valley. It is situated in a set of sediments composed of loess and fossil soils lying on alluvia. The results of geological and palaeopedological investigations are presented. They contain lithological and geochemical analyses (main components and trace elements), as well as micromorphological study. Palaeo- and petromagnetic record is presented too. Horohiv pedocomplex developed from the older, Wartanian loess. It is composed of luvisol originated during the Eemian interglacial and chernozem soil - during the Early Vistulian interstadials. An subarctic brown Dubno soil dated to the Interplenivistulian (Middle Vistulian interstadials) separates two parts of the younger loess. Older assemblage of Middle Palaeolithic - Mousterian culture with Levalloisian technique was found in the E horizon of the luvisol and therefore it could be dated to the Eemian interglacial. Younger Middle Palaeolithic - Micoquian-type materials were situated in partially redeposited by solifluction, Early Vistulian chernozem. Scanty and uncharacteristic Upper Palaeolithic assemblage was found in interstadial Dubno palaeosol.