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Benefits and Risks of Liquid Sewage Sludge Recycling in Agricultural Spreading – A Case Study of WWTP of Skhirat, Morocco

Achkir Abdelmajid, Aouragh Abdelhakim, El Mahi Mohammed, Lotfi El Mostapha, Kabriti Mohamed, Abid Abdesalam, El Moussaoui Tawfik, Yagoubi Maâmar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

277--288

EN

The sewage sludge recycling as an agricultural land resource has received a great deal of attention worldwide. This practice has highly increased because of ever-increasing municipal wastewater production and the awareness of its fertilizing potential as amendment resources. However, there is a concern about land spreading linked mainly to health associated risks due to the presence of diverse pollutants. Thus, sewage spreading management is a key factor the guarantees benefits and avoids risks. The present work aimed to investigate the benefits and risks of sewage sludge (SS) application on agricultural land. To this end, physicochemical main parameters and bacteriological indicators, fecal coliform (FC) and fecal streptococcus (FS), of the sewage sludge generated form WWTP of Skhirat, Morocco, were performed during the period 2018–2019. The obtained results of physicochemical parameters reveal high concentration of organic matter in SS, which reach 96.3 mg/l, and in nutrients. Indeed, total Kjeldahl nitrogen TKN reaches a maximum of 3791 mg/l, potassium K+ reaches 58.71 mg/l. In addition, the average content of FC and FS are around 5.40 CFU/ml and 5.85 CFU/ml, respectively, whereas total phosphorus reaches 508.25 mg/l. In addition, concentrations of micronutrients such as Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ were high, which is interesting and could benefit for both soils and plant. Furthermore, this sewage sludge contains high concentration of heavy metals, mainly zinc and copper which could limit reuse in land spreading. The obtained results were compared to the applied standards and directives established within the framework of the agricultural spreading.

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Physicochemical Characterization and Metallic Contamination of the Waters of Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

1--11

EN

Oued Nfifikh is a coastal stream of the Bouregreg and Chaouia watershed (Morocco). It passes through many rural and urban areas and receives different types of liquid and solid discharges from anthropogenic activities adopted along the watercourse. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical quality of the water from the most accessible sites upstream and downstream of Oued Nfifikh, along with highlighting the impact of human activities on these waters’ quality. For this purpose, water samples were collected and analyzed within normalized methods. Statistical analysis of the collected data shows significant spatial variations (pvalue < 0.05) for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate and chloride, and for metallic trace elements (Zn, Fe, Ba, Mn, Cr and Al). Unlike (temperature, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd), whose values do not present statistically significant variations (pvalue > 0.05). The study of the physicochemical quality reveals that the waters at the upstream are classed as good quality, except for site (S2), located at the upstream part of the river, it is affected by human activities. Consequently, its physicochemical composition is quite similar to that of waters of poor quality at the downstream sites. The Principal Component Analysis of the results followed by the Ascending Hierarchical Classification on the same data matrix allowed to regroup the sampling sites with similar characteristics into three distinct groups. A group of highly mineralized waters, a second group dominated by elements indicating urban pollution, and a group of waters with low mineral content and low metallic contamination indicating agricultural pollution.

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Treatment of Surface Treatment Effluents by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminium Electrodes

Namoussi Soukaina, Merbouh Chaimaa, Kabriti Mohamed, Nahli Abdelmottalib, Naamane Ayoub, Chlaida Mohamed, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

91--99

EN

The surface treatment industry generates effluents with a high load of highly toxic chemicals which must be treated under increasingly stringent regulation. The aim of this study was to treat the effluents of surface treatment unit of an aeronautical industry by the electrocoagulation process using aluminium electrodes. This process is used to study the performance to remove colloidal load, significant amount of oxidizable material and high levels of various metal elements (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Al) from these effluents, under optimum conditions of pH 7, 8.6A of current intensity and 60 min of application. The electrocoagulation process was found to be effective in reducing turbidity (97.12%), COD (97.5%), SS (97.84%) and conductivity (96.82%), hexavalent chromium (99.99%), Zn (96.82%), Cu (94.3%), Iron (99.9%), Al (91.96%). The treated effluent conformed to the Moroccan standards of surface treatment discharge.

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of an Urban Wastewater Effluent and its Impact on the Receiving Environment: Oued Nfifikh (Morocco)

Merbouh Chaimaa, Namoussi Soukaina, Kabriti Mohamed, Naamane Ayoub, Rihane Abdeslam, Iounes Nadia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

183--193

EN

Oued Nfifikh is among the least studied Moroccan rivers. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to shed light on the quality of this undervalued stream. Its downstream part is affected by one of the most crucial environmental issues. It receives the discharges of wastewater evacuated precariously without prior treatment, which might lead to the degradation of the overall ecological status of this fluvial hydrosystem. This research work aimed to study the physicochemical water quality downstream the river Nfifikh through a monthly monitoring of the physicochemical parameters’ indicator of pollution, from August 2018 to July 2019. The results obtained show that the stream is exposed to high pollution which is mainly organic. Consequently, the wastewater represents a major cause of water quality degradation of this receiving environment: ecological and health impacts are therefore to be expected.