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EN
In the present work the phase constitution and magnetic ordering of the magnetocaloric LaFe11.0Co0.8(Si0.4Al0.6)1.2 alloy in the as-cast state and after annealing at 1323 K for 1 h (in case of ribbons) and 49 days (in case of bulk) were studied. For bulk and ribbon samples in as-cast state three crystalline phases were identified: dominant ferromagnetic alfa-Fe, minor ferromagnetic La(Fe,Co)Si and traces of paramagnetic La(Fe,Si)13 phase. Appropriate heat treatment resulted in the evolution of phase constitution of the alloy, where two crystalline phases were developed: the dominant paramagnetic La(Fe,Si)13 phase and a minor fraction of the ferromagnetic alfa-Fe for both bulk and ribbon samples.
EN
In order to investigate the phase constitution of the nanocrystalline Nd9.5Fe63.65B21.85Nb5 alloy ribbons in the as-cast state and after short-time annealing Mossbauer study has been carried out. In as-cast state, ribbon samples were not fully amorphous but revealed soft magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B, metastable Nd2Fe23B3 and paramagnetic Nd1+epsilonFe4B4 phases in annealed samples. Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to determine the fractions of constituent phases formed during annealing of ribbons. Magnetic measurements were made with a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and have shown that with increasing annealing temperature the remanence polarization Jr and maximum energy product (BH)max values were increasing.
EN
Studies of magnetic properties and phase constitution of nanocrystalline Nd9.6Fe64.32Nb4B22.08 alloy ribbon samples are presented. In as-cast state, ribbon samples were fully amorphous and soft magnetic. Subsequent annealing resulted in an evolution of the phase constitution together with change of their magnetic properties. The main phase observed in the material is Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic phase.
PL
W pracy badano własności magnetyczne oraz skład fazowy taśm wytworzonych ze stopu Nd9,6Fe64,32Nb4B22,08. Taśma w stanie po odlaniu ma amorficzną budowę i wykazuje miękkie właściwości magnetyczne. Wygrzewanie taśm powoduje zmiany składu fazowego wraz ze zmianą ich właściwości magnetycznych. Podstawową fazą obserwowaną w badanym materiale jest faza magnetycznie twarda Nd2Fe14B.
EN
Purpose: The paper presents the results of the microstructural and magnetic examinations of Nd-Fe-B type magnets produced by the mechanical powder milling method and doped with tungsten. Design/methodology/approach: The effect of the grain size and addition of tungsten on the microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline alloys of the basic composition of Nd10Fe84B6, as produced by the method of mechanical alloying in the process of prolonged milling, was investigated in the study. Powders were subjected to milling for a duration ranging from 10 to 120 hours in an Ar protective atmosphere. Moreover tungsten was added to the base alloy that exhibited the best magnetic parameters. The tungsten content of alloys varied in a broad range from 0 to 33 at%. Findings: The examinations have shown that the grinding duration, for which the best magnetic properties are obtained, is 90 hours. Prolonged grinding has a significant effect on the grain size and microstructure refinement. The alloy addition in the form of tungsten, similarly as in the case of prolonged grinding, leads to a structure refinement. In the case of W addition, an increase in the coercive field, with a simultaneous decrease in the value of remanence and magnetic energy density (BH)max, is observed. Practical implications: Development of relatively cheap Nd10Fe84B6 magnets of good service properties. Originality/value: Determination of the effect of grain size and tungsten content on the magnetic properties and microstructure of the Nd-Fe-B magnets.
5
EN
Purpose: The paper discusses two new technologies for producing magnetic materials which have been successfully developed in recent years at the Institute of Physics of the Czestochowa University of Technology and discusses properties of the materials obtained with the use of these methods. Design/methodology/approach: In this research the arc-plasma deposition of Nd2Fe14B powders onto a substrate either cooled with water or heated up to a temperature in the range from 773 to1023 K was applied. In the second method the suction of an arc-melted alloy to a water-cooled copper mould (the suction-casting method) was introduced. Moreover, microstructure, magnetic properties and domain structure of the produced samples were determined. Findings: It has been found that thin Nd2Fe14B strips obtained by the plasma method possess magnetic properties. It has also been demonstrated that the suction-casting method makes it possible to obtain both amorphous magnetically soft materials (e.g. Fe-Co-W-Zr-B), as well as magnetically hard nanocomposites (e.g. (Fe-Co)-(Pr-Dy)-B-Zr). Research limitations/implications: The main problem in the suction-casting method is to reduce the critical cooling rate required for the production of amorphous alloys and to increase the geometrical dimensions of amorphous specimens. Practical implications: Thin-layered Nd-Fe-B magnets produced by means of arc-plasma deposition can be applied directly onto the surface of electromagnetic equipment parts. Magnets with isotropic magnetic properties were obtained by applying layers onto the water-cooled copper substrate. Whereas, anisotropic magnets were obtained as a result of the arc-plasma deposition of powders onto the copper substrate heated up to 873 K. The most advantageous properties were achieved for the microcrystalline structure of a grain size close to the single-domain particle size (approx. 0.3 μm). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the suction-casting method makes it possible to obtain bulk amorphous alloys of considerable sizes, such as rods of magnetically soft Fe-Co-W-Zr-B alloys of a diameter up to 2 mm, as well as Fe-Co-Pr-Zr-B tubes of a diameter up to 3 mm. It is also possible to produce magnetically hard nanocomposite materials of the (Fe-Co)-(Pr,Dy)-B-Zr type by annealing of metallic glasses. Originality/value: Successfully introduced new methods of magnetic materials manufacturing.
6
Content available remote The evolution of microstructure in annealed LaFeSi-type alloys
EN
The evolution of microstructure and the phase constitution of the LaFe11.0Co0.8(Si0.4Al0.6)1.2 alloy in as-cast state and after subsequent annealing at 1323 K for 10, 20, 49 days was studied. In the LaFe11.0Co0.8(Si0.4 Al0.6)1.2 alloy after arc-melting, the dominant dendritic ?-Fe phase crystallizes, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Annealing of the samples resulted in evolution of microstructure and the phase constitution. Prolonged annealing of the samples causes almost full homogenization of the alloy with the single-phase structure identified as La(Fe0.85Co0.06Si0.04Al0.05)13 phase of the NaZn13-type structure.
PL
W pracy przeprowadzono obserwację magnetycznej struktury domenowej magnetycznie twardych stopów o różnym typie magnetycznej anizotropii, tj.: kształtu (Alnico, Fe-Cr-Co) i magnetokrystalicznej (Nd-Fe-B) stosując metodę figur proszkowych. Stwierdzono, że w stopie Nd17Fe75B8 obraz struktury domenowej jest typowy dla materiałów o jednym kierunku magnetycznie wyróżnionym. Dla próbek o najmniejszym ziarnie struktury na powierzchni bazalnej i aksjalnej nie różnią się między sobą. Natomiast w stopie Fe-23Cr-16Co-1Ti-1Nb dokonano doświadczalnego potwierdzenia istnienia w tym stopie tzw. domen wzajemnego oddziaływania. W stopie Alnico stwierdzono, że struktura domenowa obserwowana na powierzchni aksjalnej składa się ze 180° ścian domenowych przechodzących w sposób ciągły przez granicę ziarn. Na powierzchni bazalnej składa się z koncentrycznych kół obserwowanych w każdym z ziarn.
EN
The observations of the magnetic domain structure in hard magnetic alloys with different type of magnetic anisotropy, i.e.: shape (Alnico, Fe-Cr-Co) and magnetocrystalline (Nd-Fe-B) were done by means of the powder pattern technique. It was stated that in the Nd17Fe75B8 alloy the domain structure image is typical for the materials with an uniaxial anisotropy. For the sample with the smallest grains the domain structures on axial and basal plane are very similar. Moreover, the existence of so called interaction domains in the Fe-23Cr- 16Co-1Ti-1Nb has been confirmed experimentally. In Alnico alloy the domain structure observed on the axial plane is composed of the 180o domain boundaries crossing continuously grain boundaries. On the basal plane the domain structure consists of a system of concentrically disposed circles observed in each grain.
8
Content available remote Structure and magnetic properties of powder soft magnetic materials
EN
Purpose: The paper presents influence of high-energy mechanical milling process, isothermal annealing and to a combination of these two technologies of cobalt base metallic glasses Co77Si11.5B11.5 on magnetic properties and their structure. Design/methodology/approach: The powder test piece obtained from the input amorphous ribbon in high-energy ball milling. The diffraction examinations and examinations of thin foils were made on the JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope. Observations of the structure of powders were made on the Opton DSM-940 scanning electron microscope. The X-ray tests were realized with the use of the XRD 7 SEIFERT-FPM diffractometer. Findings: analysis of the magnetic properties test results of the Co77Si11.5B11.5 powders obtained in the high-energy ball of milling process proved that the process causes significant decrease in the magnetic properties. The structure and magnetic properties of this material may be improved by means of a proper choice of parameters of this process as well as the final thermal treatment. Research limitations/implications: For the powders, further magnetical, structure and composition examinations are planed. Practical implications: The amorphous and nanocrystalline metal powders obtained by high-energy ball milling of metallic glasses feature an alternative to solid alloys and make it possible to obtain the ferromagnetic nanocomposites, whose shape and dimensions can be freely formed. Originality/value: The paper presents influence of parameters of the high-energy ball milling process on structure and magnetic properties of soft magnetic powder materials obtained in this technique. Results and a discussion of the influence of high energy mechanical milling process on particle size and their distribution as well as structure and magnetic properties of investigated samples is presented.
EN
Two series of Prlo+xFe9o-x (x=0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4 and 5 at. %) alloys produced by long time annealing and melt-spinning were investigated. The effects of processing method and alloy composition on the phase structure were determined and compared for these two types of samples using X-ray diffractometry, Mossbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The temperature dependences of magnetization allowed to refine the range of homogeneity region identified for long time annealed samples. Additionally, the magnetic entropy changes ASM were calculated from magnetization measurements performed for Pr^Fes? long time annealed alloy at various temperatures ranging from 266 K to 300K.
PL
W pracy badano dwie serie stopów Pri0+xFe9o-x (x=0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; 4 and 5 % at.) wytworzonych poprzez długotrwałe wygrzewanie oraz szybkie chłodzenie cieczy na wirującym miedzianym bębnie. Przy użyciu analizy rentgenowskiej, spektroskopii mossbauerowskiej oraz transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej określono i porównano wpływ metody wytwarzania i składu stopu na jego strukturę fazową. W stopach długotrwale wygrzewanych stwierdzono występowanie przedziału stężeń składników, w którym stop jest jednofazowy. Zakres jednofazowości uściślono dzięki badaniom zależności namagnesowania stopów od temperatury. Dla długotrwale wygrzewanego stopu Pr^Fegv określono również zmiany entropii magnetycznej ASM, będące miarą zjawiska magnetokalorycznego.
EN
The microstructure and magnetic properties of bulk glassy Fe6i-xCo7+xZrioMo5W2Bi5 (where x=0, 2, 4) alloy samples in the form of suction-cast rods and tubes and melt-spun ribbons, were investigated. Para- to ferromagnetic ordering transition was observed with increasing Co contents, so that the x=0 alloy was paramagnetic, while the x=4 alloy demonstrated ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. Analysis of Móssbauer spectra for the amorphous rod, tube and ribbon samples allowed the determination of hyperfine parameters for the amorphous phase. This confirmed paramagnetic ordering of the x=0 alloy amorphous samples. Further analysis of spectra, revealed two non-equivalent surroundings for Fe atoms in the amorphous microstructure, similar to those observed for Fe6oCo8ZrioMo5W2Bi5 rod samples. Similar analysis carried out on amorphous ribbon and rod samples of the x=4 alloy shoved ferromagnetic ordering. The hyperfine field Bhf distributions calculated from the Móssbauer spectra, also indicated non-equivalent surroundings for the Fe atoms. Furthermore, different Bhf distributions were observed for samples produced by various rapid solidification methods. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) revealed a multi-stage crystallization process that is broadly consistent with the Fe sites resolved from the Móssbauer fitting.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono badania mikrostruktury oraz właściwości magnetycznych masywnych stopów amorficznych o składzie: Fe6i-xCo7+xZrioMo5W2B15 (gdzie x=0, 2, 4) wytwarzanych poprzez zasysanie roztopionych łukowo stopów do miedzianej formy chłodzonej wodą oraz jednokierunkowe szybkie chłodzenie na wirującym miedzianym bębnie. Wraz ze wzrostem zawartości Co w składzie stopu obserwuje się znaczny wzrost wartości temperatury Curie próbek amorficznych. Szkła metaliczne stopu zawierającego 7% at. Co wykazują właściwości paramagnetyczne, zaś amorficzny stop zawierający 11% at. Co jest ferromagnetykiem w temperaturze otoczenia. Analiza widm móssbauerowskich prowadzona dla prętów, rurek oraz taśm, pozwoliła na określenie parametrów nadsubtelnych widm odpowiadających różnym otoczeniom atomów żelaza w fazie amorficznej. Badania mossbauerowskie potwierdziły istnienie paramagnetycznego uporządkowania dla próbek amorficznych stopu Fe6iCo7Zr,oMo5W2B15. Dalsza analiza tych widm wykazała istnienie dwu nierównoważnych pozycji atomów żelaza w mikrostrukturze amorficznej, podobnych do obserwowanych w amorficznych prętach stopu Fe6oCo8Zri0Mo5W2B|5. Analiza widm móssbauerowskich amorficznych taśm i prętów stopu Fe57CoiiZrioMo5W2B|5 wykazała istnienie uporządkowania ferromagnetycznego w badanych próbkach. Rozkłady pól nadsubtelnych na jądrach żelaza Bhf, obliczone dla poszczególnych widm móssbauerowskich również w tym przypadku wskazują na istnienie nierównoważnych pozycji atomów żelaza w strukturze amorficznej. Ponadto dla próbek ferromagnetycznych stopu Fe57CoiiZrioMo5W2Bis obserwuje się zmianę rozkładu pól nadsubtelnych w zależności od zastosowanej metody szybkiego chłodzenia. Analiza krzywych DTA wykazała wielostopniowy proces krystalizacji, który można powiązać z istnieniem różnych otoczeń atomów Fe w fazie amorficznej uzyskanych z badań móssbauerowskich.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań własności magnetycznych nanokrystalicznego materiału kompozytowego typu SILAMEŽ. Materiał kompozytowy uzyskano z zestalenia nanokrystalicznego proszku otrzymanego w procesie wysokoenergetycznego mielenia wstępnie skrystalizowanej taśmy amorficznej Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 (rys. 1) z polimerem silikonowym. Proszek metaliczny zmieszano z silikonowym polimerem w różnym stosunku objętościowym, a następnie zbadano wpływ udziału objętościowego proszku Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 na własności magnetyczne kompozytu. Przy większej zawartości metalicznego proszku cząstki Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 rozmieszczone są równomiernie w całej osnowie polimerowej. Lokalnie skupiska cząstek proszku (rys. 2) pojawiają się w kompozycie wraz ze zmniejszeniem objętości proszku. Własności magnetyczne nanokrystalicznego materiału kompozytowego, a przede wszystkim indukcja nasycenia Bs i koercja HC uzależnione są od udziału proszku metalicznego Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 w kompozycie i podwyższają się ze wzrostem udziału proszku. W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury nanokrystalicznego proszku Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 oraz materiału kompozytowego SILAMEŽ, a także przebiegi pętli histerezy (rys. 3), podatności magnetycznej (rys. 5) oraz przenikalności i stratności magnetycznej kompozytu (tab. 1).
EN
Magnetic properties investigation results are presented in the paper of the SILAMEŽ type nanocrystalline composite material. The composite material was fabricated by solidification of the nanocrystalline powder obtained in the high energy milling of the preliminarily crystallised Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 (Fig. 1) amorphous ribbon with the silicone polymer. The metallic powder was mixed with the silicone polymer in various volume contents and next the effect was studied of the yolurne contents of the Co68Fe4Mo1Si13.5B13.5 powder on the magnetic properties of the composites. Particles of the Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 powder are distributed evenly in the composite in the entire polymer matrix with the higher fraction of the reinforcement material in the composite; whereas, with the reduction of the powder fraction, local clusters of the metallic powder occur (Fig. 2). Composites with the silicone polymer matrix are characteristic of the increase of saturation induction Bs and coercion field HC along with the increase of the volume contents of the Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13,5 powder in the composite. The publication presents investigation results of the Co68Fe4Mo1Si13,5B13.5 nanocrystalline powder structure and of the SILAMEŽ composite material, runs of the hysteresis loop (Fig. 3), magnetic susceptibility (Fig. 5), as well as of the permeability and lossiness of the composite (Table 1).
PL
Przedstawiono dwie nowe technologie wytwarzania materiałów magnetycznych: łukowo-plazmowe nanoszenie proszków oraz zasysanie roztopionego łukowo stopu do chłodzonej wodą formy (suction-casting). Zbadano magnetyczne i strukturalne właściwości cienkich warstw Nd-Fe-B nanoszonych plazmowo na podłoże miedziane o różnej temperaturze. Ponadto pokazano, że metoda suction-casting pozwala na uzyskiwanie zarówno amorfcznych materiałów magnetycznie miękkich (np. Fe-Co-W-Zr-B), jak i nano-kompozytów magnetycznie twardych, np. (Fe-Co)-(Pr-Dy)-B-Zr.
EN
New two technologies of the magnetic materials manufacturing are presented: arc-plasma spraying and suction casting. Thin Nd-Fe-B flms prepared by arc-plasma spraying at different substrate temperatures were investigated for their magnetic and structural properties. Moreover, it is shown that the suction-casting method is suitable for manufacturing of magnetically soft amorphous materials (e.g. Fe-Co-W-Zr-B) as well as hard nanocomposites, e.g. (Fe-Co)-(Pr-Dy)-B-Zr.
EN
The article describes the major stages of research on magnetic materials carried out over the centuries, which have contributed to the discovery and further understanding of new materials. In relation to the above results of investigations carried out in recent years at the Institute of Physics of the Częstochowa University of Technology, concerning the determination of the sources of the magnetic properties and the mechanisms of magnetization of magnetically hard materials, in conjunction with the observations of the domain structure, are presented. Moreover, further interesting results have been obtained from the investigation of the microstructure and magnetic properties of magnetically soft materials - amorphous and nanocrystalline films. New technologies for the production of magnetic materials using the arc-plasma spraying technique and the suction-casting method enabling the production of massive amorphous alloys (bulk amorphous magnetic materials) are also described.
EN
The investigation was carried out on nanocomposite Nd10Fe84-xWxB6 magnets with different tungsten content (from 0 to 33 at.%) produced by the mechanical alloying method. The alloys have a fine grained and highly porous structure. As tungsten is added the powder particles become progressively smaller and are distributed uniformly throughout the whole specimen volume. From the phase structure determination using X-ray diffraction, Moessbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy it has been found that with the increase of tungsten content in the magnets the amount of the magnetically hard Nd2Fe14B and the soft alpha-Fe phases decrease. Instead, paramagnetic phases appear. Moreover, the addition of tungsten to the basic composition results in a significant increase in coercivity jHc (from 260 to 1350 kA/m) and a reduction in both the remanence Br (from 0.95 to 0.24 T) and the maximum magnetic energy product (BH)max (from 80 to 13 kJ/cubic m).
EN
The nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe magnets with different grain size produced by mechanical alloying were studied. The phase composition of the magnets was determined on the basis of X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer spectroscopy. It was stated that the alloy is composed of three phases (with different volume fraction depending on the milling time): the magnetically hard phase Nd2Fe14B and the magnetically soft phases alpha-Fe and Nd2Fe17. In metallographic examinations, the techniques of optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Moreover, magnetic properties were determined depending on milling time (grain size). Maximum magnetic properties were achieved in the magnet produced from powders obtained after 90 hours' milling, which were as follows: Jr=0,914 T; jHc=251.1 kA/m; Js=2.12 T and (BH)max=67.7 kJ/cubic m.
EN
The nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe magnets with different tungsten content (from 0 to 33 at. %) produced by mechanical alloying were examined. It was found that the magnetization process changes with increase of tungsten content in the material. In the alloy without tungsten coercivity mechanism is connected with the nucleation and growth of domains with opposite magnetization. With increase tungsten content in the alloy, pinning of the domain walls plays a more important role in the magnetization processes. Moreover, the changes in magnetic properties, such as coercive force jHc, remanence Br and energy product (BH)max depending on tungsten content in Nd2Fe14B/alpha-Fe magnets are reported.
EN
The processing of Fe-based bulk glassy alloys is presented. The bulk glassy samples were produced by the suction-casting unit integrated with the controlled atmosphere arc-melting furnace. The system was designed and constructed at the Institute of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology. The X-ray diffactometry and Moessbauer spectroscopy were applied the confirm the amorphous structure of the processed alloys.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono proces wytwarzania masywnych stopów amorficznych na bazie żelaza. Masywne szkła metaliczne wytwarzano przy użyciu układu typu suction-casting zintegrowanego z piecem łukowym o kontrolowanej atmosferze ochronnej. Układ zaprojektowano i zbudowano w Instytucie Fizyki Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Badania rentgenowskie i moessbauerowskie wykazały istnienie struktury amorficznej wytwarzanych stopów.
EN
The effect of Zr contents on the phase composition and magnetic properties of the Nd-Fe-Zr alloys was studied. In order to determine the phase composition, the X-ray diffraction was applied. It was stated that the following phases form the Nd-Fe-Zr alloy: Nd2Fe17, Fe3Zr and alpha-Fe. Using optical microscope and electron scanning microscope, the microstructure observations were performed. Additionally, a linear analysis of the distribution of elements concentration was carried out. Furthermore, magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants K\ and K-2 were determined applying Fourier analysis of the magnetic torque curves L(0) and Curie temperatures TC using Farady's magnetic balance
PL
Badano nanokrystaliczne magnesy NdxFe94-xB6 (dla x=6, 11, 15 i 18) wytworzone metodą mechanicznej syntezy. Stosując mikroskopię optyczną i elektronową określono wpływ składu chemicznego na mikrostrukturę. Stosując dyfrakcję rentgenowską i spektroskopię moesbauerowską stwierdzono występowanie różnic pomiędzy składem fazowym równowagowym i rzeczywistym magnesów. Zawartość neodymu posiada istotny wpływ na rozkład wielkości ziarna. Stwierdzono wzrost remanencji wraz ze spadkiem zawartości Nd, co związane jest z rosnącym znaczeniem oddziaływań wymiennych między ziarnami (tzw. zjawisko podwyższonej remanencji). Ponadto w ramach teorii mikromagnetyzmu uzyskano opis krzywych odmagnesowania, który dobrze zgadza się z danymi doświadczalnymi. Dodatkowo wyznaczono podstawowe mikromagnetyczne parametry nanokrystalicznych magnesów Nd-Fe-B oraz faz składowych.
EN
The nanocrystalline NdxFe94-xB6 (where x=6, 11, 15 and 18) magnets produced by mechanical alloying were examined. The effect of chemical composition on microstructure applying optical and electron microscopy was studied. Using X-ray diffraction and Moessbauer spectroscopy the differences between equilibrium and real phase compositions were determined. The neodymium content essentially influences the grain size. The increase in the value of remanence associated with lower Nd concentration is ascribed to growing meaning of exchange interactions between grains (so called remanence enhancement effect). Moreover in the frame of micromagnetic theory the demagnetization curves were described in accordance with experimental data. Additionally, basic intrinsic magnetic parameters of nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B magnet and its constituent phases were determined.
PL
Badania przeprowadzono na nanokrystalicznych magnesach Sm-Fe-N wytwarzanych różnymi metodami: mechanicznej syntezy (MA), długotrwałego mielenia (MM), szybkiego chłodzenia ze stanu ciekłego (RS) i wykorzystując rozkład i rekombinację fazy magnetycznie twardej w procesie nasycania wodorem (HDDR). Rodzaj zastosowanej metody wytwarzania magnesów Sm-Fe-N wpływa istotnie na uzyskiwaną mikrostrukturę (wielkość ziarna oraz skład fazowy) i właściwości magnetyczne materiału. Ponadto wyznaczono podstawowe mikromagnetyczne parametry nanokrystalicznych magnesów Sm-Fe-N oraz ich faz składowych.
EN
Investigations were carried out on nanocrystalline Sm-Fe-N magnets produced by different methods: mechanical alloying (MA), mechanical milling (MM), rapid solidification from liquid state (RS) and using disproportionation and recombination of hard magnetic phase during hydrogenation process (HDDR). The different type of applied production method of the Sm-Fe-N magnets influences essentially the microstructure (grain size and phase composition) and magnetic properties of the material. Moreover, basic intrinsic magnetic parameters of nancrystalline Sm-Fe-N magnet and its constituent phases were determined.
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