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3 Journal of Ecological Engineering

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The Influence of the Gray Forest Soil Moisture Level on the Accumulation of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu in Spring Barley Grain

Razanov Serhii, Husak Oksana, Hnativ Petro, Dydiv Andrii, Bakhmat Oleh, Stepanchenko Vitalii, Pryshchepa Alla, Shcherbachuk Victor, Mazurak Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 7

285--292

Among a number of climate-related factors, moisture has the greatest impact on crop productivity. In recent years, certain changes have been observed under conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine with regard to precipitation – from low to in some cases – abnormally high, which requires the study of their impact on the yield and safety of cereal grain for its forecasted production. The article examined the effect of a high level of soil moisture (256.2–272.5 mm) and a low level (47.4–52.3 mm) during the growing season (germination→earing) of spring barley grain on the accumulation of heavy metals in it and its productivity under the conditions of gray forest soils of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Spring barley varieties Helios and Caesar were selected for the research. A decrease in the accumulation coefficient at a high level of soil moisture (256.6–272.5 mm) in spring barley grain Pb from 8.3% to 11.3%, Cd – from 35.0% to 35.5%, Zn was established – by 15% and Cu – from 11.2% to 16.6% compared to the low level of soil moisture (47.1 mm – 53.3 mm). At the same time, it was found that with a high level of soil moisture, there is a decrease in the yield of Helios and Caesar spring barley by 18.0% and 14.1%, respectively.

Assessment of Phytoremediation of 137Cs Contaminated Soils During the Cultivation of Nectar-Pollinating Plants

Razanov Serhii, Kutsenko Mykola, Klymenko Mykola, Bakhmat Mykola, Klymenko Oleksandr, Bakhmat Oleh, Holubieva Tetiana, Kovalchuk Nataliia, Mazurak Oksana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 5

316--321

The man-made activity of mankind has led to the emergence of many global problems and caused the deterioration of the quality of the natural environment (air, water, soil). Of particular concern is the contamination of agricultural land with toxicants, in particular, radionuclides, which, entering the soil – plant – human body food chain, can reach toxic levels. Therefore, an important task is the removal of hazardous substances from the soil. Phytoremediation can be one of the effective methods for reducing its pollution. The article examines the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soils contaminated as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in certain territories of Polissia of Ukraine (Korosten district of Zhytomyr region). Nectar-pollinating plants were selected for the research, which was carried out for two years: great globe-thistle (Echinops sphaerocephalus), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), and white melilot (Melilotus albus). The results of the research showed that in the dry vegetative mass of milk thistle, great globe-thistle, and white melilot, the specific activity of 137Cs over the two years of research was in the range from 30.8 Bq/kg to 238.5 Bq/kg, the accumulation coefficient – from 0.135 to 0.985, and the hazard coefficient – from 0.055 to 0.395. The highest indicators of specific activity and accumulation coefficient of 137Cs were observed in the vegetative mass of the white melilot, which amounted to 238.5 Bq/kg and 0.96, respectively, comparatively lower values – 2.3 times and 2.3 times were found in the vegetative mass of milk thistle, 2.8 times and 7.1 times – in the vegetative mass of the great globe-thistle. At this level of accumulation of 137Cs in the vegetative mass of nectarine plants from the soil, on average, over two years of research, 1130550 Bq of this radionuclide was removed from the soil per hectare of agricultural land with milk thistle, 621250 Bq with great globe-thistle, and 2851650 Bq with white melilot. The removal of 137Cs with the vegetative mass of nectarine plants reduced the content of this radionuclide in the soil per 1 kg – from 3.4% to 8% on average over two years of research.

Reagent Removal of Heavy Metals From Waters of Coal Mines and Spoil Tips of the Lviv-Volyn Industrial Mine Region

Mazurak Oksana, Solovodzinska Irina, Mazurak Andriy, Gryncyhshyn Nataliia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2019

Vol. 20, nr 8

50--59

The article substantiates the efficiency of using chemical (reagent) technologies for the purification of industrial water from mines and spoil tips from heavy metals-toxicants and reducing their ecological hazard. The ecological risk indices of toxicants and their proportion in the overall level of ecological danger of the investigated object were presented. The results of experimental studies, interaction of comparative qualitative indicators of removal of heavy metal ions by inorganic reagents – calcium carbonate and sodium hydroxide were provided. It is shown that the solution of the ecological problem concerning the reduction of the toxicity level of subterminal waters of mines is their treatment with fine calcium carbonate CaCO3 that converts the heavy metal ions into hardly soluble basic carbonates or heavy metal hydroxides. Positive results concerning the efficiency of the subterminal water treatment of the «Velikomostovskaya» mine of the Chervonograd mining area by calcium carbonate were identified. That indicates a significant reduction of the ecological hazard indicator of the treated wastewater. The content of ions of most heavy metals, which precipitate in the form of basic carbonates at values close to pH = 8.5, was significantly reduced.