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Designing a decentralized reverse logistics system for waste management

Gheibi Arash, Rassafi Amir Abbas

LogForum

2025

Vol. 21, no 3

347--359

Background: Reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills requires maximizing the reuse of materials, which in turn depends on effective waste segregation at the source. Once segregated, waste can be efficiently collected through a reverse logistics system (RLS). The need for improved segregation, collection, and recycling underscores the importance of innovative solutions. Methods: This study proposes an approach to modernizing conventional RLSs using blockchain technology. The approach was simulated using NetLogo agent-based modeling software, and its performance is compared to traditional RLSs. The "blockchain-based" system can implement policies to increase waste segregation at the source and leverage smart contracts to enhance automation and operational efficiency. Results: The proposed system achieved exceptional performance, with an average failure rate of less than 2% for collecting segregated waste. In contrast, traditional systems left approximately 45% of segregated waste uncollected. By providing clear information on the location and quantity of segregated waste, the system enables optimized fleet allocation to ensure near-complete collection. Additionally, the approach demonstrates strong adaptability, maintaining operational stability even during sudden fluctuations in waste supply. Conclusions: The blockchain-based RLS offers superior transparency, security, and efficiency compared to conventional systems. Its ability to achieve near-complete waste collection while maintaining high automation positions it as a promising, sustainable solution for modern waste management.