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1

Effect of combustion wastes and sewage sludge compost on the chemical properties of soil

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

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Vol. 15, nr 3

48-54

EN

A field experiment was conducted univariate in 2008-2010 in the Variety Assessment Station in Szczecin - Dąbie. The soil on which the experience was based is made of light loamy sand (pgl). In terms of granulometric composition it includes it into the category of light soils, agricultural suitability complex IV b, good (5). The experiment included, inter alia, waste compost produced with municipal sewage sludge produced by *GWDA and ash from brown coal (waste grate). No normal ranges for heavy metals being specified in the ministerial regulations were used for environmental purposes, which are maximum 20, 500, 750, 300, 1000 and 16 mg per 1 kg dry matter for cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, copper and mercury, respectively16 were exceeded in the sewage sludge being used to produce the compost. The field experiment design consisted of 6 fertilisation objects. A test plant was Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphodrita Rusby). The content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the soil, being fertilised with municipal SSC with and without an addition of high-calcium BCA, changed after three years. There was an increase in the content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium forms, on average by 8.5%, 16.0% and 9.0%, respectively. When analysing the chemical properties of soil before and after this study, it may be stated that respective systems of municipal sewage sludge compost and high-calcium brown coal ash application differently affected most soil richness indices. The best fertilisation effects were obtained in the system with municipal sewage sludge compost being applied at a dose corresponding to 250 kg N ∙ ha-1 as well as with high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose corresponding to 1.5 Mg CaO ∙ ha-1 being introduced into soil in the first year of study and at a dose corresponding to 0.75 Mg CaO ∙ ha-1 in successive years. Fertilisation with municipal sewage sludge compost without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash favourably affected the preservation of soil environment stability and improvement of soil chemical composition.

2

Evaluation of the Effect of Municipal Sewage Sludge Compost and Furnace Waste on the Quality of Amur Silver Grass Miscanthus Sachariflorus Biomass

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2013

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Vol. 20, nr 2

303-320

EN

A single-factor field experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dabie in 2008-2010. The soil on which this experiment was set up is formed from light loamy sand (lls). In respect of granulometric composition, it is classified to the category of light soils, of soil quality class IV b and good rye complex. In the experiment, compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method was used. This compost contained clearly more nitrogen and phosphorus in relation to potassium. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in composts did not exceed standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (Official Journal of Laws No. 165, item 765 of 2008) referring to organic fertilisers. In the study design, the following fertilisation treatments were applied: I - carbonate lime (CaCO3) at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO ź ha-1, II - high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO ź ha-1, III - municipal sewage sludge compost at a dose of 250 kg Nźha-1, IV - municipal sewage sludge compost at a dose of 250 kg N ź ha-1 + high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO ź ha-1 (1st year of study), V - high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO ź ha-1 (1st year of study), and 0.75 Mg CaO ź ha-1 in following study years each, VI - municipal sewage sludge compost at a dose of 250 kg N ź ha-1 + high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO ź ha-1 (1st year of study), and 0.75 Mg CaO ź ha-1 in following study years each. In addition, mineral fertilisation was applied annually in the form of multi-component fertiliser Polifoska 20, complex fertiliser Polimag S and ammonium nitrate. A test plant was perennial grass - Amur silver grass (Miscanthus sachariflorus). The obtained results show that Amur silver grass biomass contained on average the most nitrogen, ie 6.87 gźkg-1 d.m., in 2008, while the most phosphorus (0.39 g Pźkg-1 d.m.), potassium (7.82 g Kźkg-1 d.m.), magnesium (0.98 g Mgźkg-1 d.m.) and sulphur (1.19 g Sźkg-1 d.m.) in 2010, whereas the most calcium ie 4.13 g Ca kg-1 d.m., in 2009. Significantly more nitrogen, calcium and sulphur was contained by Amur silver grass biomass from the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash being applied at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO ź ha-1. Differences in average phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents in test plant biomass from particular fertilisation objects were not significant. The biomass of Amur silver grass contained significantly more cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc as affected by organic fertilisation without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared with the objects where solely calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash had been introduced into soil. Differences in the average content of cadmium, nickel and zinc in test plant biomass from the objects fertilised with municipal sewage sludge compost without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash were not significant. The uptake of heavy metals by Amur silver grass biomass, ie its mean value of three harvest during three years of its cultivation, can be arranged in the following descending order of values: Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The degree of cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc bioaccumulation in test plant biomass differed, depending on the fertilisation applied. The average degree of cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc accumulation after three study years was intense for all fertilisation objects, whereas average for copper and manganese.

PL

Doświadczenie polowe jednoczynnikowe przeprowadzono w latach 2008-2010 w Stacji Oceny Odmian w Szczecinie - Dąbiu. Gleba, na której założono doświadczenie, wytworzona została z piasku gliniastego lekkiego (pgl). Pod względem składu granulometrycznego zalicza się ją do kategorii gleb lekkich, kompleksu przydatności rolniczej IV b, żytniego dobrego. W doświadczeniu użyto kompostu wyprodukowanego z udziałem komunalnego osadu ściekowego metodą GWDA. Kompost ten zawierał wyraźnie więcej azotu i fosforu w stosunku do potasu. Zawartość metali ciężkich (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb i Zn) w kompostach nie przekraczała norm z Rozporządzenia Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi (DzU.08.165.765) dotyczących nawozów organicznych. W schemacie badań zastosowano następujące kombinacje nawozowe: I - wapno węglanowe (CaCO3) w dawce 1,5 Mg CaO ź ha–1, II - wysokowapniowy popiół z węgla brunatnego w dawce 1,5 Mg CaO ź ha–1, III - kompost z komunalnego osadu ściekowego w dawce 250 kg N ź ha–1, IV - kompost z komunalnego osadu ściekowego w dawce 250 kg N ź ha–1 + wysokowapniowy popiół z węgla brunatnego w dawce 1,5 Mg CaO ź ha–1 (I rok badań), V - wysokowapniowy popiół z węgla ź ha–1. Dodatkowo corocznie stosowano nawożenie mineralne w postaci Polifoski 20, Polimagu S i saletry amonowej. Rośliną testową była wieloletnia trawa miskant cukrowy (Miscanthus sachariflorus). Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że biomasa miskanta cukrowego zawierała średnio najwięcej azotu - 6,87 g ź kg–1s.m. w 2008 roku, a fosforu - 0,39 g ź kg–1s.m., potasu - 7,82 g ź kg–1s.m., magnezu - 0,98 g ź kg–1s.m. i siarki - 1,19 g ź kg–1s.m. w 2010 roku. Natomiast wapnia w 2009 roku 4,13 g ź kg–1s.m. Istotnie więcej azotu, wapnia i siarki zawierała biomasa miskanta cukrowego z obiektów, w których stosowano kompost bez i z dodatkiem wysokowapniowego popiołu z węgla brunatnego w porównaniu z węglanem wapnia lub wysokowapniowym popiołem z węgla brunatnego stosowanymi w dawce 1,5 Mg CaO ź ha–1. Różnice w średniej zawartości fosforu, potasu i magnezu w biomasie rośliny testowej z poszczególnych obiektów nawozowych nie były istotne. Biomasa miskanta cukrowego pod wpływem nawożenia rganicznego bez i z dodatkiem wysokowapniowego popiołu z węgla brunatnego zawierała istotnie więcej kadmu, niklu, ołowiu i cynku w porównaniu z obiektami, w których do gleby wprowadzono wyłącznie węglan wapnia lub wysokowapniowy popiół z węgla brunatnego. Różnice w średniej zawartości kadmu, niklu i cynku w biomasie rośliny testowej z obiektów nawożonych kompostem bez i z dodatkiem popiołu z wysokowapniowego węgla brunatnego nie były istotne. Pobranie metali ciężkich przez biomasę miskanta, średnia z trzech zbiorów w ciągu trzech lat uprawy, układała się w następującym szeregu malejących wartości: Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. Stopień bioakumulacji metali ciężkich w biomasie rośliny testowej był zróżnicowany w zależności od zastosowanego nawożenia. Średni stopień akumulacji po trzech latach badań dla wszystkich obiektów nawozowych dla kadmu, niklu, ołowiu i cynku był intensywny, a miedzi i manganu średni.

3

The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (Sida Hermaphrodita Rusby) biomass Part 2. Heavy metals content, their uptake dynamics and bioaccumulation

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2012

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Vol. 14, nr 3

8-14

EN

A single-factor fi eld experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dąbie in 2008-2010. In the experiment, the compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method and high-calcium brown coal ash (furnace waste) were used. The perennial energy crop was a test plant - Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby). It results from the carried out study that Virginia fanpetals biomass contained on average the most manganese (24.7 mg?kg-1 d.m.), lead (2.50 mg?kg-1 d.m.) and zinc (50.5 mg?kg-1 d.m.) in 2008, while the most cadmium (0.33 mg?kg-1 d.m.), copper (3.78 mg?kg-1 d.m.) and nickel (2.57 mg?kg-1 d.m.) in 2010. Average cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc contents in test plant biomass were higher, respectively by 14.3%, 10.0%, 7.3%, 19.3%, 29.1% and 6.9%, in the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to those where only calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash had been introduced into the soil. The differences in cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc contents in Virginia fanpetals biomass between particular experimental objects were not signifi cant. The least zinc was absorbed by the test plant biomass in the object with high-calcium brown coal ash being applied in the fi rst year of study and annually. When evaluating the dynamics of heavy metals uptake, it was found to be the lowest in the fi rst year of study (ranging from 4.40% to 11.0%). It increased in the second and the third year of study, oscillating between 29.9% and 65.7%. The degree of heavy metals accumulation in Virginia fanpetals biomass differed, depending on the fertilisation applied. The bioaccumulation factor of cadmium, copper and nickel after three study years was average, while that of manganese, lead and zinc was intense.

4

The effect of industrial wastes and municipal sewage sludge compost on the quality of virginia fanpetals (SIDA HERMAPHRODITA RUSBY) biomass. Part 1. Macroelements content and their upatke dynamics

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2012

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Vol. 14, nr 2

9-15

EN

A single-factor field experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dąbie in 2008-2010. In the experiment, the compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method was used and high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose corresponding. A test plant was Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphodrita Rusby). The obtained results show that Virginia fanpetals biomass contained on average the most nitrogen (3.72 gźkg-1 d.m.), calcium (6.03 gźkg-1 d.m.) and sulphur (1.24 gźkg-1 d.m.) in 2008, while the most potassium (4.39 gźkg-1 d.m.) in 2010. Significantly more phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was contained by Virginia fanpetals biomass from the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash being introduced into soil at the beginning of study. Differences in average nitrogen, potassium and calcium contents in the test plant biomass from particular fertilisation objects were not significant. The macroelements uptake by Virginia fanpetals biomass depended on the yield size and the content of chemical elements under discussion in it.

5

Evaluation of the Direct Effect and After-Effect of Organic Fertilisation without and with PRP Sol Addition on Soil Enzymatic Activity

Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Przybulewska K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 1-2

87-96

EN

In a two-year field experiment (2008–2009), the effect of increasing doses of compost being produced with municipal sewage sludge without and with addition of active substance PRP Sol on the activity of urease, dehydrogenase and phosphatases was examined during cultivation of potatoes and spring wheat. The study design included a control object with standard mineral fertilisation and three doses of organic fertilisation. The size of compost doses was determined at a level corresponding to 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha–1. Organic fertilisation was performed on 28.09.2007. In 2008 and 2009, active substance PRP Sol was introduced into soil in the whole area of experimental field at a dose of 150 kg ha–1 an multicomponent fertiliser Polifoska 6 at a dose of 200 kg ha–1. Due to low nitrogen content in multicomponent fertiliser Polifoska 6 (6 % N), additional nitrogen fertilisation was applied in the form of urea (46 % N) as the top-dressing at a dose of 80 kg N ha–1 under potatoes and 100 kg N ha–1 under spring wheat at two times. Soil samples for chemical analyses were collected from the arable layer (0–25 cm) from under potatoes (2008) and spring wheat (2009) twice during cultivation of test plants. The carried out study shows that urease activity in soil at soil sample collection times I and II increased on average by 13.2 %, that of phosphatases by 20.2 % and of dehydrogenase by 17.96 % as affected by a single, a doubled and a tripled dose of municipal sewage sludge compost being introduced into soil, whereas in the objects fertilised in addition with PRP Sol respectively by 15.4 %, 35.1 % and 18.65 % when compared with control object without PRP Sol. The applied organic fertilisation with active substance PRP Sol stimulated the enzymatic activity of urease, dehydrogenase and phosphatases in all fertilisation objects when compared with the control one.

PL

W dwuletnim doświadczeniu polowym (2008-2009) badano wpływ wzrastających dawek kompostu wyprodukowanego z komunalnego osadu ściekowego bez i z dodatkiem substancji czynnej PRP Sol na aktywność ureazy, dehydrogenazy i fosfataz w trakcie uprawy ziemniaka i pszenicy jarej. Schemat badań obejmował obiekt kontrolny ze standardowym nawożeniem mineralnym oraz trzy dawki nawożenia organicznego. Ilość dawek kompostu ustalono na poziomie odpowiadającym 100, 200 i 300 kg N ha-1. Nawożenie organiczne wykonano 28.09.2007 r. W latach 2008 i 2009 na całą powierzchnię doświadczenia wprowadzono substancją czynną PRP Sol w dawce 150 kg ha-1 oraz Polifoskę 6 w dawce 200 kg ha-1. Ze względu na niewielką zawartość azotu w Polifosce 6 (6 % N) zastosowano pogłównie mocznik w dawce odpowiadającej 100 kg N ha-1 pod ziemniaka i pszenicę jarą w dwóch terminach. Próbki glebowe do analiz chemicznych pobrano z warstwy ornej (0-25 cm) spod ziemniaka (2008 r.) i pszenicy jarej (2009 r.) dwukrotnie w okresie uprawy roślin testowych. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że pod wpływem wprowadzonej pojedynczej, podwojonej i potrojonej dawki kompostu z udziałem komunalnego osadu ściekowego w I i II terminie pobierania próbek glebowych średnio w glebie zwiększyła się aktywność ureazy o 13,2 %, fosfataz o 20,2 % i dehydrogenazy o 18,0 %, natomiast na obiektach nawożonych dodatkowo PRP Sol odpowiednio o 15,4 %, 35,1 % i 18,6 % w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym bez PRP Sol. Zastosowane nawożenie organiczne łącznie z substancją PRP Sol stymulowało aktywność enzymatyczną ureazy, dehydrogenazy i fosfataz na wszystkich obiektach nawozowych w porównaniu do obiektu kontrolnego.

6

Effect of Organic Fertilisation without and with Addition of Activating Substance PRP Sol on some Soil Fertility Indices

Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Przybulewska K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 12

1485--1495

EN

A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik in 2008–2009 on the soil belonging to soil quality class IVa and good rye agricultural suitability complex (5). The compost applied in this study was produced by the GWDA method at the Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant in Stargard Szczecinski. It was characterised by neutral reaction (pHH2O 7.15). The total content of macroelements and heavy metals, which limits the possibility of using it for fertilisation purposes, did not exceed the standards specified in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development [Official Journal of Laws of 2008 No. 119, item 765]. Compost doses were established based on total nitrogen content. The experiment was conducted with two rotations without and with addition of active substance PRP Sol. In autumn 2007, respective compost doses were introduced into soil in the designated experimental plots according to the study design. Active substance PRP Sol was introduced into soil at a dose of 150 kgN ha–1 before sowing or planting the test plants. In 2008 and 2009, the whole experimental area was fertilised with multicomponent fertiliser Polifoska 6 at a dose of 200 kg ha–1 and urea (46 % N), as topdressing, at a dose of 100 kgN ha–1. Test plants were winter wheat of the cultivar Korweta in 2008 and spring rape of the cultivar Bosman in 2009. The activating substance PRP Sol being applied against the control object and those with increasing doses of municipal sewage sludge compost did not significantly affect an increase in the total content of macroelements in soil but contributed to an average increase in the content of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulphur in soil by 26.6 %, 4.84 %, 21.7 % and 38.9 %, respectively, when compared with that before setting up this experiment. The average content of assimilable nutrients in soil in the objects being fertilised with increasing doses of municipal sewage sludge compost without and with addition of activating substances PRP Sol in case of phosphorus and potassium was very high and high, which means that an increase occurred in soil abundance by one class.

PL

Doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2008–2009 na terenie RSD w Lipniku na glebie zaliczanej do klasy bonitacyjnej IVa, kompleksu przydatności rolniczej żytniego dobrego (5). Do badań użyto kompostu wyprodukowanego w Komunalnej Oczyszczalni Ścieków w Stargardzie Szczecińskim. Charakteryzowa ł się odczynem obojętnym (pHH2O 7.15). Zawartość ogólna makroskładników i metali ciężkich, która limituje możliwość wykorzystania go do celów nawozowych nie przekraczała norm podanych w Rozporz ądzeniu Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi [DzU 08.119.765]. Dawki kompostu ustalono na podstawie zawartości azotu ogólnego. Doświadczenie prowadzono w dwóch rotacjach bez i z dodatkiem substancji aktywnej PRP Sol. Jesienią 2007 r. zgodnie ze schematem badań na wyznaczonych poletkach wprowadzono do gleby odpowiednie dawki kompostu. Substancję czynną PRP Sol w dawce 150 kg ha–1 stosowano przed siewem lub sadzeniem roślin testowych. Całą powierzchnię doświadczenia w 2008 i 2009 roku nawożono Polifoską 6 w dawce 200 kg ha–1 oraz pogłównie w formie mocznika (46 % N) w dawce 100 kgN ha–1. Roślinami testowymi były: w 2008 roku pszenica ozima odmiany Korweta, a 2009 rzepak jary odmiany Bosman. Substancja aktywująca PRP Sol stosowana na tle obiektów: kontrolnego oraz ze wzrastającymi dawkami kompostu z komunalnego osadu ściekowego nie miała istotnego wpływu na zwiększenie form ogólnych makroskładników w glebie, ale przyczyniła się do średniego wzrostu w glebie zawartości fosforu o 26.6 %, potasu o 4.84 %, magnezu o 21.7 % i siarki o 38.9 % w porównaniu do zawartości sprzed założenia doświadczenia. Średnią zawartość składników przyswajalnych w glebie na obiektach nawożonych wzrastaj ącymi dawkami kompostu bez i z dodatkiem substancji aktywującej PRP Sol fosforu i potasu przyswajalnego była bardzo wysoka i wysoka, co oznacza, że nastąpił wzrost zasobności gleby o jedną klasę.

7

Impact of composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge on the content of the total forms of copper, manganese and zinc in soil

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2010

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Vol. 12, nr 4

15-18

EN

Pot experiment was conducted in the hall of vegetation at University of Agriculture in Szczecin over the years 2001 – 2003 on the soil of IVa complex of agriculture usefulness (very good rye) numbered among loamy sand as regards to the granulometric composition. The composts used in the experiment were after 8 months of decomposition. There was more nitrogen and phosphorus in the composts in comparison with potassium. In the pattern of the research the doses of composts, corresponding with 100, 200 and 300 kg Nźha-1, i.e. 0.63; 0.99 and 0.126 g N pot were used. The experiment was conducted in four repetitions. In 2001 spring rape Licomos variety was the test plant, in 2002 it was the spring triticale Wanad variety and in 2003 oats Polar variety. In the second and third year of the research of the soil there was 0.475 g N, 0.137 g P and 0.315 g K applied into every pot. It corresponded with the doses of 150 kg N.ha-1, 43.6 Pźha-1 and 100 kg Kźha-1. Mineral fertilizers were used in the form of urea, double superphosphate, 60% potassium salt. The obtained results of the research indicate that the content of the total forms of copper, manganese and zinc in the composts, with the participation of sewage sludge fulfilled the norms concerning the organic fertilizers. Over the years, since the time of an application into the soil the composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge, the content of the total forms of copper, manganese and zinc has decreased. It was caused by the uptake of these micronutrients by plants.

8

Influence of the Active Substance of PRPŽFIX on the Conversion of Nitrogen in Composts from the Municipal Sewage Sludge

Krzywy E., Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Wołoszczyk C., Iżewska A., Ragin R.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 6

631-636

EN

Aim of the conducted research was to estimate influence of mineral granulate PRPŽFIX on conversions of total, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in composts prepared from municipal sewage sludge with addition of straw and urban green waste. Composts were prepared in three repetitions in November of 2007 and were composted in 70 dm3 plastic containers kept in building of Hall of Vegetation of the former University of Agriculture. The first compost consisted of municipal sewage sludge (70 %) and wheaten straw (30 %), the second consisted of sewage sludge (70 %) and urban green waste (30 %). In the first series of experiment decomposition was conducted without addition of PRPŽFIX substance and in the second series PRPŽFIX substance was added in amount of 3 kg per l m3 of composted mass. Decomposition of composts was conducted through 180 days and total content of nitrogen as well as its ammonium and nitrate forms were determined each 30 days. Conducted research show that during the time of decomposition of composts prepared from sewage sludge with 30-percentage addition of structure-making materials content of total nitrogen decreased in their mass. Course of changes of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content in composts was different. In both of the composts content of N-NH4 was increasing until 90* day of composting and after that period was decreasing. However, considerable increase of content of nitrate nitrogen was found after 120 days and lasted till 180* day of composting. Addition of PRPŽFIX substance caused increase of content of ammonium nitrogen on average by 17.2 % and had no distinct influence on shaping on total content of nitrogen and its nitrate form.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu określenie wpływu granulatu mineralnego PRPŽFIX na przemiany azotu ogólnego, amonowego i azotanowego(V) w kompostach z komunalnego osadu ściekowego z dodatkiem słomy i odpadów zieleni miejskiej. Komposty sporządzono w trzech powtórzeniach w listopadzie 2007 roku i kompostowano w 70-litrowych pojemnikach plastikowych, przechowywanych w budynku Hali Wegetacyjnej byłej Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie. Pierwszy kompost składał się (w przeliczeniu na suchą masę) z komunalnego osadu ściekowego (70 %) oraz słomy pszennej (30 %), a drugi z osadu ściekowego (70 %) i odpadów zieleni miejskiej (30 %). W l serii doświadczenia rozkład prowadzono bez dodatku, a w serii II do masy kompostowej dodano substancję PRPŽFIX w ilości 3 kg na l m3 masy kompostowej. Rozkład kompostów prowadzono przez 180 dni, oznaczając co 30 dni ogólną zawartość azotu oraz jego formy amonową i azotanową(V). Przeprowadzone badania wskazują, że w czasie rozkładu kompostów z komunalnego osadu ściekowego z 30-procentowym dodatkiem materiałów strukturotwórczych nastąpiło zmniejszenie w ich masie ogólnej zawartości azotu. Przebieg zmian zawartości azotu amonowego i azotanowego(Y) w kompostach był różny. W obu kompostach zawartość N-NFL| zwiększała się do 90. dnia kompostowania, a po tym okresie zmniejszała się. Natomiast znaczniejsze zwiększenie zawartości azotu azotanowego(V) stwierdzono po 120 dniach i trwało ono do 180 dnia kompostowania. Natomiast dodatek substancji PRPŽFIX spowodował wzrost zawartości azotu amonowego średnio o 17,2 %, i nie miał większego wpływu na kształtowanie ogólnej zawartości azotu i jego formy azotanowej(V).

9

Zawartość makro- i mikroskładników w życicy trwałej po zastosowaniu kompostów z wycierki ziemniacznej i komunalnego osadu ściekowego

Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Gutkowska I.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2007

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T. 7, z. 2a

231-244

PL

Prezentowane w pracy badania miały na celu określenie wpływu kompostów z komunalnych osadów ściekowych i wycierki ziemniaczanej na zawartość makro- i mikroskładników w życicy trwałej odmiany Maja. Doświadczenie wazonowe przeprowadzono w hali wegetacyjnej Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie na glebie brunatnej niecałkowitej o składzie granulometrycznym piasku lekkiego (gleba lekka, kompleks V). Ze względu na małą zawartość potasu w kompostach z osadów ściekowych wprowadzono dodatkowo nawożenie mineralne 50-procentową solą potasową. Doświadczenie wazonowe obejmowało sześć obiektów nawozowych i jeden kontrolny. Realizowano je w 3 powtórzeniach. Po mineralizacji próbek życicy trwałej oznaczono zawartość K, Mg, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb i Zn metodą absorpcyjnej spektometrii atomowej (ASA), Nog metodą Kjeldahla i P - kolorymetrycznie metodą wanadanowo-molibdenową. Zwiększenie dawek kompostów (podwojenie i potrojenie) spowodowało zwiększenie zawartości azotu, wapnia, magnezu, siarki, kadmu, miedzi, manganu, niklu i ołowiu w suchej masie życicy trwałej. Odmienną zależność, czyli zmniejszenie zawartości, odnotowano w przypadku potasu. Najwięcej makro- i mikroskładników zawierały rośliny z obiektów traktowanych kompostami z 70-procentowym udziałem komunalnego osadu ściekowego (E, F), a najmniej z obiektów nawożonych kompostami z 70-procentowym udziałem wycierki ziemniaczanej z dodatkiem słomy żytniej lub trocin z drzew iglastych (C, D). Różnice te były spowodowane większą zawartością makroskładników i metali ciężkich w komunalnych osadach ściekowych niż w wycierce ziemniaczanej.

EN

Presented studies were aimed at estimating the effect of composts made of municipal sewage sludge and potatoe pulp on the content of macro-and microelements in the perennial ryegrass var. Maja. Pot experiments were performed in the vegetation hall of the Agricultural Academy in Szczecin in brown incomplete soil of a grain size structure of light sand (light soil, complex V). Due to low content of potassium in composts, plants were additionally fertilised with 50% potassium salt. Pot experiment involved 6 fertilisation and one control object in three repetitions. The content of K, Mg, Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn was determined after mineralization of ryegrass samples with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Total nitrogen was determined with the Kjeldahl method and phosphorus - colorimetrically with the vanadium-molybdate method. Doubled and tripled doses of composts increased the content of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, cadmium, copper, manganese nickel and lead in dry mass of perennial ryegrass but decreased the content of potassium. The highest content of macro- and microelements was found in plants from objects treated with composts containing 70% of municipal sewage sludge (E, F) and the least - in objects fertilised with composts containing 70% of potatoe pulp with rye straw and sawdust from coniferous trees (C, D). Differences resulted from higher content of macroelements and heavy metals in municipal sewage sludge than in potatoe pulp.

10

The influence of the composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge on the available forms of phosphorus in the soil as well as the yield of the seeds of spring rape

Krzywy E., Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Krzywy J., Gutowska I.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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Vol. 9, nr 4

98-101

EN

The field and laboratory experiment was carried on the brown incomplete soil of the complex of rye good. The obtained results in the yield experiment show that the composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge increased essentially the yield of the seeds of spring rape in comparison with the control variant. Doubling of the doses of mineral nitric - potassium fertilization against the background of the composts did not have a significant influence on increasing the yield of the seeds of spring rape in comparison with the single doses. The composts with the participation of municipal sewage sludge in the field and laboratory experiment caused a significant increase of the content of the available forms of phosphorus in the soil. As time went by the distribution of the composts in the soil, the content of the available forms of phosphorus increased.

11

The effect of sewage sludge composts and potato pulp on uptaking of macroelements by the grain and straw of the spring triticale

Krzywy J., Krzywy E., Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Rozmarynowska M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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Vol. 9, nr 4

14-17

EN

Taking into consideration the acid pH soil, high content of potassium in relation to nitrogen and phosphorus and the insignificant quantity of heavy metals in the potato pulp and the slight alkaline pH soil as well, high amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in relation to potassium in the municipal sewage sludge, the experiment was carried out in order to define the effect of composts from these waste on uptaking macroelements by the grain and the straw of the Wanad variety spring triticale. The vegetative - pot experiment was carried out on the brown incomplete soil of the slight acid pH (pH(KCl) 6,1), of the granulometric composition of slight loam (V complex), an average content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium and a high content of magnesium. The obtained results show that the grain and the straw of spring trticale took distinctly more macroelements under the influence the fertilization of the composts with the municipal sewage sludge (30%) and the potato pulp (30%) in comparison with the composts with the 60% participation of the potato pulp. The supplementary mineral fertilization which was used against in comparison to composts, increased uptaking the macroelements by the tested plant. The double dose of composts and mineral fertilizers visibly increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cooper, magnesium and sulphur absorbance by the grain and the straw of spring trticale in comparison with the series with a single dose of composts and a supplementary mineral fertilization.

12

The effect of composts from potato pulp and municipal sewage sludge for changes of microelements in the soil during incubation

Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Rozmarynowska M.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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Vol. 9, nr 4

102-106

EN

The total and soluble content of microelements in the soil was described in the laboratory experiment. The soil was incubated with three doses of composts with a participation of municipal sewage sludge and potato pulp. The obtained results of the experiment pointed that all the composts increased an average total content and the forms soluble in 1 M HCl of microelements in the soil in comparison with the control. In the majority of the variants, the composts made with the 70% participation of municipal sewage sludge and 30% addition of straw or sawdust caused an increase of the content of the analyzed elements in the soil than the composts with the 70% participation of potato pulp and 30% addition of straw or sawdust. The differences are connected with a higher content of microelements, which were put in the soil, with the composts with the 70% participation of municipal sewage sludge and 30% addition of straw or sawdust. There are no differences in the formation of the content of microelements in the soil, which were depended on the type of the structural - formative component during the production of composts. The quantity of the composts' dose had an influence on the formation of the participation of the soluble form of microelements in the total content in the soil. The participation of the soluble form of cadmium, cooper, manganese and nickel in the total content in the soil increased along with increasing the dose of composts. The content of the total forms in the soil incubated with the composts included in the standard for the light soils.

13

Zmiany zawartości azotu ogólnego, azotanowego i amonowego w masie kompostów z komunalnego osadu ściekowego i wycierki ziemniaczanej podczas rozkładuZmiany zawartości azotu ogólnego, azotanowego i amonowego w masie kompostów z komunalnego osadu ściekowego

Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Nr 17

69-69

14

The influence of foliar fertilization by water solution of 7hydrate sulphate(VI) iron(II) on yielding and the chemical composition of crops II.The influence of foliar fertilization with the water solution of 7hydrate sulphate(VI) iron(II) on the content.

Krzywy E., Krzywy J., Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2005

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Vol. 7, nr 2

19-21

EN

The research on foliar fertilization with the water solution of the 7 hydrate sulphate (VI) iron (II) applied with and without an addition of urea, was carried out. Three concentrations of the water solution of the waste were used. The results of the research show that because of the waste water solution influence, the content of nitrogen has increased in potato tubers and in spring barley grains. The addition of urea to the water solution of 7 hydrate sulphate (VI) iron (II), has caused an increase of the nitrogen content in the studied plants. Foliar fertilization with the water solution of the 7 hydrate sulphate (VI) iron (II) with and without the addition of urea, did not have a distinct impact on the content of phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium in the studied plants. Foliar fertilization with FeSO4 ź 7H2O water solution with and without the addition of urea as well as the concentration of solutions with the waste in most cases, has increased the content of sulphur and iron in the studied plants.

15

The influence of foliar fertilization by water solution of 7 hydrate sulphate(VI) iron(II) on yielding and the chemical composition of crops I.The influence of foliar fertilization with the water solution of 7 hydrate sulphate(VI) iron(II) on the crops .

Krzywy E., Krzywy J., Krzywy-Gawrońska E.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2005

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Vol. 7, nr 2

16-18

EN

The research was carried out on rye's very good complex (winter wheat, winter oilseed rape, spring barley) as well as on the good complex of rye's soil (potatoes). The aim of the research was to assess the effects of plants foliar fertilization with the 7 hydrate sulphate (VI) iron (II) applied in three concentrations according to standard fertilization on plants yield quantity. The results show that foliar fertilization of plants with the water solution of the 7 hydrate sulphate (VI) iron (II) waste in II and III concentration has increased the yields of potatoes tubers, winter wheat grains and winter oilseed rape seeds. The yields of spring barley increased only following the foliar fertilization with the water solution of the tested waste in I concentration. The water solution of FeSO4 ź 7H2O with the 6% addition of urea applied in concentrations II and III has caused further increase of the yields of all plants.

16

Wpływ 7 hydratu siarczanu (VI) żelaza (II) na wysokość plonów mieszanki rekultywacyjnej traw i zawartość w niej kadmu, niklu i ołowiu

Krzywy E., Grześkowiak A., Krzywy-Gawrońska E., Dunowska B.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2000

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Nr 1

145--149