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Анализ расхода биодизельного топлива и его смесей с минеральным дизельным топливом при работе тракторов малой и средней мощности

Kraujalis A., Liubarskij V., Raslavicius L.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

2005

Vol. 50, nr 1

45-48

The rising Lithuanian economy has the impact on the increase of the number of diesel engines which drive transport means. The fuel consumption of tractor's diesel engine is often estimated according to such parameters as certificate data about comparative effective fuel consumption and effective coefficient of efficiency when tractor operates in the mode of nominal power. However, such an estimation is not exact and comprehensive when describing the exploitation conditions. In order to characterize tractor's diesel engine one must have exact data about its long - term exploitation in uneconomical and auxiliary modes with different loads. Those reasons caused the need to carry out research of the few tractors which were exploited mostly exploitable in Lithuania.

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pracy ciągników rolniczych o mocy 18 i 58 kW (T-25A i MTZ-82) przy zasilaniu paliwem biodiesel (rapso-metylowym esterem RME) i różnymi jego mieszankami z olejem napędowym. Ustalono zużycie czasowe i względne (g/kWh) przy przygotowaniu gleby do siewu z kombinowanym agregatem przy różnych obciążeniach ciągnika i różnych mieszankach paliwowych. Przy pracy ciągnika zasilanego paliwem biodiesel oraz jego mieszankami z mineralnym olejem napadowym zużycie paliwa było większe niż przy zasilaniu samym olejem napędowym. Zużycie paliwa biodiesel było o 8,9-12,0% większe. Przy zasilaniu z dodatkiem 50% oleju napędowego zużycie wzrastało o około 6%, a przy dodaniu 70% oleju napędowego - o około 4%. Dla silników mniejszej mocy (<18kW) stwierdzono większe zużycie paliwa biodiesel.

Environmental aspects of straw burning in field and its influence on amount of weeds

Kraujalis A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

2004

Vol. 49, nr 2

24-25

The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of dry grass and thrashing residues burning on the soil surface on soil and the impact on pollution emission in the environment. The influence of grass and threshing residues burming on soil and environment was measured in February, when the soil was frozen, there was no snow, and the air temperature was 0-3°C. The amount of the burning mass was 0.3-0.8 kg/m2, burning speed leeward was 3-4 m/min. During a grass burning span of 3-5 seconds, the temperature of the soil surface rose to 10-22°C, very close to the soil (2-5 cm) to 20- 65°C, at the 10-20 cm height to 350-400°C. Since the grass is burnt outdoors, there is enough oxygen during the burning process, and the combustible gas burns completely. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) was 2.1-11%, the amount of nitrogen oxide (NO), solid particles - ash 3-5% (30-50 kg/ha). Pollution figures are far lower than the standard allows. The composition and quantity of the plants grown in the experimental conditions did not change, the fertile soil layer was not affected by burning, and no damaging effect was identified on entomofauna.