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Możliwości wykorzystania metanu z pokładów węgla w niemieckich i polskich kopalniach

Skorek J., Kalina J., Backhaus C., Mroz A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Cieplne Maszyny Przepływowe - Turbomachinery / Politechnika Łódzka

2004

nr 125

227-242

W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z wykorzystaniem do celów energetycznych metanu pokładów węgla kamiennego zarówno w kopalniach pracujących jak i zlikwidowanych. Omówiono genezę powstawania metanu w złożach węgla. Przedstawiono podstawowe układy do energetycznego wykorzystania metanu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wykorzystanie gazu metanowego do zasilania gazowych układów kogeneracyjnych i trójgeneracyjnych opartych o silniki tłokowe (układy typu CHP). Omówiono także ekologiczne i społeczne aspekty zagospodarowania gazu metanowego. Przedstawiono przykłady energetycznego wykorzystania gazu kopalnianego w Polsce i w Niemczech.

Coal mine gas from abandoned mines

Backhaus C., Mroz A., Willenbrink B.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

2002

Vol. 7

33-40

Coal mine gas usually consists of methane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Its appearance is a constant and well-documented concomitant of coal-mining. In the Ruhr Basin, Germany, after the shut-down of the mines, up to 1,000 cubic metres per hour of coal mine gas continue to escape from the pits and get into the atmosphere through special degassing systems. A not insignificant part of coal mine gas migrates in addition diffuse at the surface. Thus, a natural energy carrier is given up for lost. To make matters worse, the methane component of the coal mine gas could form an explosive mixture with air and it is ecologically harmful since it significantly contributes to the greenhouse effect: It is estimated that methane is approximately 21 times more harmful then carbon dioxide. Since 1994, engineers of the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology in Oberhausen, Germany, have been working on new concepts regarding:o the deliberate migrations of coal mine gas also effectively minimises potential dangers resulting from its uncontrolled emission, accumulation and forming explosive mixtures with air; o the energetic utilisation of coal mine gas from abandoned mines in CHP units (Combined Heat and Power Generation).Since 1998 UMSICHT operates several sucking-stations the danger defence and for potential inquiry of coal mine gas from abandoned mines. Therefore coal gas is sucked off of boreholes in the surface area (depth < 50 m) and boreholes into old workings of the abandoned mines. A result of the different sucking tests is the minimisation of the diffuse gas migrations. By the direct sucking of the old pit a substantially bigger area could be hold gas free than by sucking off surface boreholes. The sucking off of abandoned coal mines has resulted an increase of the CH4-concentration from 40% to more than 70% over the testing time independent of the atmospheric conditions. During the time of sucking (more than 3 month) an influence to the pressure in the abandoned mine could not verified. Water ring pumps and roots-compressors in different kinds of operating are tested in the sucking-stations.Coal mine gas is estimated to be available for a long time. An economic utilisation seems to be possible within the next decades. The gas deposit within the coal mines of North-Rhine Westphalia is enormous: It is considered to amount to approximately 120 million tons of methane per year, most of it energetically utilisable. The utilization of coal mine gas is one way to reach the aims of the Kyoto-Conference. Therefore the energy generation with coal mine gas is supported in Germany by a guaranteed price for the produced electrical energy since 2000. Because of the decreasing coal-prices in many countries a lot of mines were abandoned in the last years. Dezentralizied CHP-concepts created by UMSICHT are one way for an effective and quick solution of the problems of these mines.