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1
Content available Influence of the Process Treatment on the Amount and Grain Structure of After Reclamation Dusts
Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2020
|
Vol. 20, iss. 2
71--78
EN
The analysis of after reclamation dusts generated during the reclamation treatment of test portions of two kinds of polydispersive material in the Regmas device, is presented in the hereby paper. For the comparative purpose the fresh moulding sand marked as quartz sand „Sibelco” –1K 0.40/0.32/0.20, J88, >14000C, WK = 1.20 (acc. PN-83/H-11077), as well as the spent moulding sand, which was previously subjected to the primary reclamation and to dedusting, were used. Conditions of the process treatment were forced by the frequency of supplying the vibratory drive motors being successively 40, 50 and 60Hz for 5, 10 and 15 min. and by causing a diversified material flow through the functional system of the device (charging hopper, abrasive chamber acting as a buffer space). Two states of the process treatment, when a material was flowing through the chamber, were applied. In the first one, an intergranular surface abrasion of grains occurred as a result of the granular material circulation in the chamber forced by the vibratory drive. In the second one, the forced material flow was performed in the presence of crushing elements (steel balls), additionally introduced into the abrasive chamber. Analyses of the device influence were performed by determinations of the amount of dusts separated in the pneumatic classifier and analysis of their grain sizes by means of Analysette 22NanoTec.
2
Content available Primary Used Sand Reclamation Process Efficiency
Skrzyński M., Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2019
|
iss. 1
29--34
EN
The results of the efficiency of the primary reclamation process as well as the influence of the used sand temperature and other process parameters on it are presented in this paper. A separate stand realized on a reduced scale was built, which is an analogous process of the primary reclamation treatment of spent foundry sands. The used sands were introduced to the crushing process in an agglomerated form in the way typically used in industrial devices. The primary reclamation process was realized on a set of four horizontal sieves with decreasing mesh clearances while maintaining their geometrical dimensions applied in the Regmas industrial device. The model system consists of a vibratory drive mounted on the table, allowing us to control the supply frequency of the vibratory motors within a range of 40-60 Hz as well as the computer system for measuring the vibration parameters and drive power. The used sand on the quartz matrix with the KALTHARZ U404 resin and 100T3 hardener was used in our investigations. The used sand was prepared under the following conditions: cubic-shaped elements made of the applied furan sand was compacted by vibrations then hardened and subjected to heating under controlled conditions (as a “simulation” of the overheating process taking place in the mold after pouring). Time functions of the crushing and sieving process in dependence of the overheating degree of the reference sand samples (100°, 200°, and 300°C) were investigated at various table vibration frequencies and feed loads of the sieve set. The relative index of the crushing ability was determined.
3
Content available Monitoring of Selected Energy Parameters in the Supply System of a Model Vibratory Unit
Ziółkowski E., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 18, iss. 1
145--150
EN
The article presents the results of selected energy parameters calculations, carried out for the recorded values of instantaneous voltages and currents in the three-phase power supply of the model vibratory unit. The parameters were the values of active and apparent power taken from the drive consisting of two electric motors supplied by the inverter for selected frequency settings and directly from the power grid. In addition, calculations of tgφ power factor values were made to evaluate the compensation of reactive power consumption in the tested power systems. Measurements and calculations lead to the conclusion that if the frequency of the inverter output voltage rises, the active and apparent power consumed by the model vibratory drive unit increases. The active and apparent power for setting the output frequency of the inverter from 50 Hz was less than the active and apparent power taken by the model vibratory unit that was powered directly from the power grid. The power factor tgφ in the power supply system was approximately 6, except one case (f = 30 Hz).
4
Content available Power Consumption Comparison of Model Vibratory Unit in Power Supply System with and without Inverter for Frequency Setting of 50 Hz
Ziółkowski E., Skrzyński M.
Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 1, no. 2
53--58
EN
The article presents the instantaneous voltage and current values recorded in the power-supply system of a vibratory unit directly from the power grid or through an inverter for a frequency setting of 50 Hz. The obtained measurement data was used to perform digital signal processing algorithms, calculations of effective voltages, currents, power (active, reactive, and apparent), and power factor tgφ. The results of the calculations were used to compare the two power systems examined.
5
Content available Assessment of the Possibility of Using Reclaimed Materials for Making Cores by the Blowing Method
Dańko R., Dańko J., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 17, iss. 1
21--26
EN
The cumulative results of investigations of the possibility of using the reclaimed materials after the mechanical, thermal or mechanical-thermal reclamation for making cores by means of the blowing method in the alkaline CO2 technology, are presented in the paper. Three kinds of spent sands: with furfuryl resin, bentonite and alkaline phenolic resin, obtained from the foundry, were subjected to three kinds of reclamation: mechanical, thermal and combined mechanical-thermal, applying for this aim adequate experimental devices. The obtained reclaims were assessed with regard to the degree of the matrix liberation from the determined binding material. Reclaims of moulding sands with binders of the form of resin were assessed with regard to ignition loss values and pH reaction, while reclaims of moulding sands with bentonite with regard to the residual clay content and pH value. In all cases the results of the performed sieve analyses were estimated and the average characteristic diameter dl was determined. The reclaimed matrix was applied as a full substitute of the fresh high-silica sand in typical procedures of preparing core sands used for making shaped samples for bending strength investigations, Rgu.
6
Content available Investigation of the Results of Combined Reclamation on the Particular Stages of Grain Matrix Recovery
Łucarz M., Dańko R., Dereń M., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2016
|
Vol. 61, iss. 4
2151--2158
EN
In this article, there were presented the results of research on combined mechanical and thermal regeneration of waste moulding sand with furfuryl resin originated from one of national foundries manufacturing aluminium alloys castings. Attempts of mechanical reclamation were led on the REGMAS reclaimer enabling to realize preliminary and primary reclamation with use of two modes of mechanical interactions on waste moulding sand. In the first attempt the reclaimer worked without any additional regenerating elements, and as the second solution, the reclaimer operated with additional crushing and abrasive elements to increase the result of primary reclamation. Thermal reclamation was led in the prototypic thermal reclaimer, enabling to fully control the process of grain matrix recovery. As a result of completed investigations the small efficiency of mechanical reclamation was determined. However, use of combined regeneration allowed for obtaining grain matrix of high purity. Thermal regeneration was conducted in prototypic thermal reclaimer. Evaluation of reclaim (reclaimed material) quality was carried out in the way of iginition losses and grain-size analysis, surface morphology and also by executing of strength testing of moulding sand prepared on obtained grain matrix for the particular reclamation operations.
7
Content available Influence of the Reclamation Process Intensity in the REGMAS Reclaimer on the Purification Degree of the High-silica Matrix
Skrzyński M., Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 16, iss. 1
69--72
EN
The investigation results of the reclamation of spent moulding sands with furfuryl resin are presented in this paper. The reclamation process was performed in the secondary reclamation chamber of the REGMAS 1.5 vibratory reclaimer. 70 kg portions of moulding sands, previously subjected to the primary reclamation and dedusting, were used. The secondary reclamation was performed in two stages: the first consisted of determining the reclaimer intensity at various reclamation times (5 min, 10 min and 15 min) and various electrovibrator frequencies (40 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz), the second consisted of determining the influence of additional crushing elements on the intensity of processes.
8
Content available Used Furan Sand Reclamation in REGMAS Vibratory Unit
Dańko J., Dańko R., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 15, iss. 3
25--28
EN
The paper, especially dealt with problems of reclamation of used furan sand, carried out in new, vibratory sand reclamation unit REGMAS developed by researches from AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering in Cracow (Poland). Functional characteristics of reclamation unit as well as the results of reclamation of used sand with furfuryl resin are discussed in the paper. The quality of reclaim was tested by means of the LOI and pH value, dust content in the reclaim and at least by the the quality of the castings produced in moulds prepared with the use of reclaimed matrix.
9
Content available Koncepcja stanowiska wibracyjnego do badań procesu regeneracji wstępnej mas zużytych
Skrzyński M., Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2015
|
Vol. 15, iss. 4 spec.
125--128
PL
W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję wibracyjnego stanowiska przeznaczonego do badań wstępnej regeneracji mas zużytych. Stanowisko badawcze składa się ze stołu wibracyjnego z układem pozwalającym na regulowanie częstotliwości drgań w zakresie 40-60 Hz oraz z zespołu 4 sit poziomych w układzie umożliwiającym analizę rozkruszonych brył masy na określonej powierzchni danego sita. W badaniach zastosowano sześcienne próbki całkowicie utwardzonej masy z żywicą KALTHARZ U404 i utwardzaczem 100T3, poddawane destrukcji mechanicznej przy różnej częstotliwości drgań stołu. Badania regeneracji wstępnej mają na celu określenie energochłonności i efektywności regeneracji wstępnej w aspekcie całkowitej energochłonności i efektywności procesu regeneracji mechanicznej.
EN
In article an idea of the vibrational stand adopted for research of used sands primary reclamation process has been presented. The testing stand consist of a vibration table with adjustable frequency control in the range4 of 40-60Hz and a set of 4 horizontal sieves in equipment enabling an analysis of splitted up sand distribution on the determined sieve surface. In research the fully hardened cubic-shape samples prepared of furan resin KALTHARZ U404 and 100T3 hardener and the various vibration parameters for mechanical destruction of sand blocks. Were used The testing of primary reclamation process is finally aimed on determination of energy consumption and effectivity of complete mechanical reclamation process.
10
Content available Regeneracja zużytej masy z żywicą furfurylową na stanowisku laboratoryjnym
Skrzyński M., Dańko R., Czapla P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 4 spec.
111--114
PL
W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań regeneracji zużytej masy formierskiej z żywicą furfurylową, które zostały przeprowadzone na stanowisku doświadczalnym regeneratora wirnikowego RD-6. W badaniach określano wpływ sposobu prowadzenia procesu odzysku oraz zastosowanej metody odpylania regeneratu (odpylanie końcowe, odpylanie okresowe, odpylanie ciągłe) na jakość odzyskanego regeneratu. Jakość regeneratu określana była poprzez analizę straty prażenia, ilości pyłów powstających w procesie regeneracji oraz na podstawie określenia własności wytrzymałościowych masy formierskiej z regeneratem.
EN
The paper presents the results of the regeneration of spent molding sand with furan resin, which were carried out at the experimental station rotary regenerator RD-6. In studies, the effects of the method of the reclamation process and the extraction of the dust (final dusting, periodic dusting, dusting continuous) on the quality of the recovered regenerate is determined. The quality of the reclaim was determined by analyzing the loss on ignition, the amount of dust generated in the process of regeneration, the sieve analysis and on the basis of determining the mechanical properties of the molding sands prepared with recovered material.
11
Content available Reclamation of the Inorganic Spent Sand from the Warm-Box Technology in the REGMAS Reclaimer
Dańko R., Dańko J., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
23--26
EN
The results of investigations of the reclamation of spent inorganic moulding sands from the warm-box technology are presented in the paper. The reclamation was performed in the prototype vibratory reclaimer: REGMAS. Water-glass with some organic additions influencing its knocking out properties was the binder of this spent sand. The following indices were applied for the reclaimability assessment: ignition loss, Na2O content, dusts amounts generated in the reclamation process, pH value of the reclaim as well as strength of moulding sands prepared with the reclaimed material, with the fresh sand and with the mixture: fresh sand-reclaim.
12
Content available Ocena wpływu intensywności procesu regeneracji w regeneratorze REGMAS na stopień destrukcji osnowy kwarcowej
Skrzyński M., Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 2 spec.
77--82
PL
W publikacji zestawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych w prototypowym regeneratorze wibracyjnym REGMAS. Obejmowały one sprawdzenie wpływu parametrów pracy regeneratora na destrukcję osnowy kwarcowej oraz wpływ dodatkowych elementów kruszących na intensyfikacje procesu. Do badań posłużył świeży piasek kwarcowy „Szczakowa” –1K 0,40/0,32/0,20, J88, >1400 oC, WK = 1,20. Badania przeprowadzono w dwóch etapach różniących się siłą wymuszającą napędów rotodynamicznych (wynoszącą 42% i 75% maksymalnej siły wymuszającej). Dla każdego ustawiania stosowano trzy częstotliwości pracy elektrowibratorów 40Hz, 50Hz i 60Hz. W poszczególnych etapach porcja piasku umieszczana w dolnej części regeneratora REGMAS poddawana była elementarnym operacją ocierania, ścierania i kruszenia, powodującym częściową destrukcję ziarna. Stopień destrukcji określano na podstawie klasycznej analizy sitowej oraz analizy granulometrycznej prowadzonej w aparacie Analysette 22NanoTec.
EN
The results of investigations of the influence of operation parameters of the prototype vibratory REGMAS reclaimer on matrix grains destruction are presented in the paper. Fresh quartz sand ‘Szczakowa’ – 1K 0.40/0.32/0.20, J88, >1400 oC, WK= 1.20 was subjected to the treatment. Examinations were performed in two stages differing of the exciting force of the rotodynamic drives (42% and 75% of the maximal exciting force). For each frequency three settings of the frequency of the rotodynamic drives were applied (40 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz). The sand batch placed in the bottom part of the REGMAS reclaimer was subjected to elementary operations of grinding, rubbing and crushing. The destruction ratio was determined by means of the classic sieve analysis and grain size analysis performed in the Analysette 22NanoTec apparatus.
13
Content available Investigations of the Reclamation Ability of Moulding Sands with the Modified Binding System and the Reclaim Quality Assessment
Bobrowski A., Dańko R., Holtzer M., Drożyński D., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
31--36
EN
The investigation results of the reclaiming ability of a spent moulding sand with the geopolymer Geopol developed by the SAND TEAM Company as well as a moulding sand with a modified binding system based on the geopolymer binder and new hardener offered by the KRATOS Company, are presented in the paper. The basic aim of investigations was the comparison of the reclaiming ability of spent moulding sands with additions of hardeners supplied by various producers. All hardeners were of the same hardening rate. Amounts of the geopolymer binder and of the hardener was the same for both tested moulding sands.
14
Content available Influence of the Reclaim from the Cordis Technology on the Core Sand Strength
Dańko J., Dańko R., Skrzyński M., Dereń M., Zygmunt Ł
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 4
17--20
EN
The investigation results of the mechanical reclamation of spent moulding sands from the Cordis technology are presented in the paper. The quality assessment of the obtained reclaim and the influence of the reclaim fraction in a matrix on the core sand strength is given. The reclaim quality assessment was performed on the basis of the determination of losses on ignition, Na2O content on reclaim grains and pH values. The reclaim constituted 100%, 75% and 50% of the core sand matrix, for which the bending strength was determined. The matrix reclamation treatment was performed in the experimental rotor reclaimer RD-6. Spent sands were applied in as-delivered condition and after the heating to a temperature of 140 oC. Shaped samples for strength tests were made by shooting and hardening of sands in the warmbox technology.
15
Content available Core Blowing Process - Assessment of Core Sands Properties and Preliminary Model Testing
Dańko R., Dańko J., Burbelko A., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 1
25--28
EN
The effects of filling the core box cavity and sand compaction in processes of core production by blowing methods (blowing, shooting) depend on several main factors. The most important are: geometrical parameters of cavity and complexity of its shape, number, distribution and shape of blowing holes feeding sands as well as the venting of a technological cavity. Values of individual parameters are selected according to various criteria, but mostly they should be adjusted to properties of the applied core sand. Various methods developed by several researchers, including the authors own attempts, allow to assess core sands properties on the basis of special technological tests projecting the process into a laboratory scale. The developed criteria defining a degree or a filling ability factor provide a better possibility of assessing the core sand behaviour during flowing and core box filling, which indicate the value and structure of the obtained compacting decisive – after hardening – for strength and permeability. The mentioned above aspects are analysed – on the basis of authors’ own examinations - in the hereby paper.
16
Content available Assessment of the Destruction Degree of the Quartz Matrix in the REGMAS Reclaimer
Skrzyński M., Dańko R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2014
|
Vol. 14, iss. 1 spec.
17--22
EN
The results of investigations of the influence of operation parameters of the prototype vibratory REGMAS reclaimer on matrix grains refinement (destruction) are presented in the paper. Fresh quartz sand ‘Szczakowa’ –1K 0.40/0.32/0.20, J88, >1400oC, WK= 1.20 was subjected to the treatment. Examinations were performed in three stages differing in the frequency of electrovibrators operations (which was: 40 Hz, 50 Hz and 60 Hz). For each frequency two settings of the exciting force of the rotodynamic drives were applied. They were equal 42% and 75% of the maximal exciting force. The sand batch placed in the bottom part of the REGMAS reclaimer was, in individual stages, subjected to elementary operations of grinding, rubbing and crushing. The destruction ratio was determined by means of the classic sieve analysis and grain size analysis performed in the Analysette 22NanoTec apparatus.
17
Regeneracja masy zużytej w regeneratorze wibracyjnym REGMAS 1,5
Dańko R., Dańko J., Holtzer M., Skrzyński M.
Przegląd Odlewnictwa
|
2013
|
Vol. 63, nr 1-2
36-40
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z pracami naukowych i badawczymi związanymi z rezultatami procesu regeneracji masy zużytej z żywicą organiczną, prowadzonego w nowym regeneratorze wibracyjnym REGMAS 1,5 opracowanym przez pracowników naukowych Wydziału Odlewnictwa AGH w ramach projektu POIG pt." Wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii regeneracji zużytych mas formierskich do opracowania koncepcji i wykonania innowacyjnego regeneratora wibracyjnego" [1]. Charakterystyka projektu oraz urządzenia została przedstawiona w Przeglądzie Odlewnictwa [2] oraz w materiałach konferencyjnych [3-5], jak również urządzenie było prezentowane podczas XVIII Międzynarodowych Targów Technologii dla Odlewnictwa METAL, gdzie zostało nagrodzone medalem. Rozwiązanie prezentowanego regeneratora wibracyjnego jest chronione zgłoszeniem patentowym [6]. Regenerator REGMAS 1.5 jest propozycją Wydziału Odlewnictwa AGH dla małych i średnich odlewni poszukujących właściwego dla ich zakładu urządzenia do regeneracji.
EN
Problems related to scientific and research works concerning the results of reclamation of spent moulding sand with organic binders carried out in the new vibratory reclaimer REGMAS 1,5 developed by the scientists of the Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH University of Science and Technology, are presented in the paper. This reclaimer was developed within the project: POIG entitled: 'Utilisation of modern technologies of the reclamation of spent moulding sands for the development of the concept and preparation of the innovatory vibratory reclaimer' [1]. The project and device characteristics was presented in the Foundry Journal [2] and in Conference Proceedings [3-5]. The device was also presented during the XVIII International Fairs of Technology for Foundry Practice METAL, where it was awarded the medal. The solution of the presented vibratory reclaimer is protected by the patent application [6]. The reclaimer REGMAS 1.5 is the proposition of the Faculty for Foundry Engineering, AGH, for small and medium foundry plants which are looking for the proper reclaiming device.
18
Content available Reclamation of spent moulding sands with inorganic binders in the vibratory reclaimer REGMAS
Dańko J., Kamińska J., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2013
|
Vol. 58, iss. 3
993--996
EN
The results of the reclamation of spent moulding sands with inorganic binder in the prototype vibratory reclaimer REGMAS - are presented in the paper. Spent moulding sands with modified water-glass, burned as well as not burned, present in a form of agglomerates (lumps), were subjected to the reclamation processes. During individual reclamation cycles the reclaimer efficiency and vibrations amplitudes were determined and physicalchemical and strength investigations were performed for the obtained reclaim materials. The obtained reclaim was used as a component of the matrix of moulding sands with water-glass in the Floster S technology, in which the reclaim constituted 100%, 80% and 50% of the sand matrix - respectively.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki regeneracji zużytej masy formierskiej ze spoiwem nieorganicznym w prototypowym regeneratorze wibracyjnym REGMAS. Procesowi regeneracji poddano zarówno masę zużytą ze szkłem wodnym modyfikowanym przepaloną oraz nieprzepaloną masę zużytą występującą w postaci brył. W trakcie realizacji poszczególnych cykli regeneracji określano wydajność regeneratora oraz amplitudę wibracji, dla których przeprowadzono badania fizykochemiczne oraz wytrzymałościowe otrzymanych regeneratów. Wykonano następujące badania: zawartość pyłów w regeneracie UK , analizę sitową osnowy oraz laserową analizę granulometryczną oddzielonych pyłów, odczyn pH, stratę prażenia oraz zawartość Na2O regeneratu. Uzyskany regenerat użyto jako składnik osnowy mas formierskich ze szkłem wodnym w technologii floster S, w których stanowił odpowiednio 100%, 80% oraz 50% osnowy piaskowej.
19
Content available Reclamation of mixtures of spent sands of inorganic and organic type
Skrzyński M., Dańko R., Kamińska J.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2013
|
Vol. 13, iss. 4
93--96
EN
The results of investigations of the reclamation of spent moulding and core sands, originated from one of the Polish foundry plants, are presented in the paper. Four mixtures consisting of two types of spent sands (spent moulding sand and spent core sand) were subjected to the regeneration process. Each tested mixture consisted of an inorganic type spent moulding sand and of an organic type spent core sand. Proportions of mutual fractions of spent moulding and core sands in mixtures was 70%-30% and was representative for the waste sands from the foundry, from which these sands originated.
20
Content available Parameters of the two-phase sand-air stream in the blowing process
Dańko J., Dańko R., Burbelko A. A., Skrzyński M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2012
|
Vol. 12, iss. 4
25-30
EN
Theoretical problems concerning the determination of work parameters of the two-phase sand-air stream in the cores making process by blowing methods as well as experimental methods of determination of the main and auxiliary parameters of this process decisive on the cores quality assessed by the value and distribution of their apparent density are presented in the paper. In addition the results of visualisations of the core-box filling with the sand-air stream, from the blowing chamber, obtained by the process filming by means of the quick-action camera are presented in the paper and compared with the results of simulation calculations with the application of the ProCast software.
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