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2 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2 2023

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Contribution of GIS for the Piezometric Monitoring of the Unconfined Water Table Aquifer of the Fez-Meknes Basin

El Fakir Rabia, Mili El-Mostafa, Elkourchia Abdelfettah, Ammari Zakaria, Mehdaoui Radouan, El Khamal Youssef, Said Brahim Ait

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 1

104--115

The Fez-Meknes basin consists geomorphologically of the Meknes plateau to the west and the saïss plain to the east, separated by the Ain Taoujtat flexure. It is characterized by a semi-arid climate. Hydrogeologically, the basin contains two important aquifer reservoirs, a free and a captive water table. The first one circulates in the Plio-Villafranchian formations, while the second one is deep in the dolomitic limestone of the Lias. These two aquifers communicate with each other in some places, either directly through flexures and faults or indirectly through upward drainage. They are the main sources of drinking water and irrigation. These two aquifers have been overexploited due to successive years of drought and agricultural use. Thus, this work aims to monitor the piezometric level of the free water table through several field trips, technical data sheets of the drillings, geological and topographical maps. The analysis of rainfall data in the stations located around the piezometers in the study area allowed to distinguish a low water period (June, July, August and September) and a high-water period (March, April and May). The piezometric maps were made on the basis of the comparison between kriging and TIN during the low and high-water period. The TIN method has been recommended as the most reliable one.

Contribution of Geomatics and Remote Sensing to Environmental Study in the Cretaceous Basin of Errachidia-Boudenib (Morocco)

Mehdaoui Radouan, Mili El-Mostafa, Ousmana Habiba, Said Brahim Ait, El Khamal Youssef, Aziz Hachem, El Fakir Rabia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 1

196--206

The present study aims at mapping areas vulnerable to water erosion based on the Priority Activity Program/Regional Activity Center (PAP/CAR) model guidelines, geomatics, remote sensing, and GIS in the Errachidia-Boudenib Cretaceous basin. This basin is located in south-eastern Morocco and covers an area of 13 000 km2, the basin is 320 km long and 75 km wide. The method of estimating water erosion is composed of three phases; a predictive phase consisting of a mapping of predisposing factors such as slope, substrate, and/or soils and vegetation cover, a descriptive phase based on the mapping of actual erosion, and an integration phase to arrive at the identification and evaluation of the erosion risk. The mapping of areas vulnerable to water erosion indicates that 70% of the studied basin has low erodibility and 22% is notable, while only 8% has high to very high erodibility. The areas most affected by degradation are located at the end of the basin and correspond to lands with steep slopes (>35%). Consequently, this study has allowed us to locate certain sectors and roads that may be affected by this type of erosion, namely the mountainous areas of the High Atlas and roads numbered R13, R601, R 703, and P7106.