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1

Interests of 5 axis toolpaths generation for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of aluminum alloys

Hascoët J.-Y., Querard V., Rauch M.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, No. 3

51--65

EN

Additive Manufacturing (AM) for metal part can be divided into two different types: The powder technology and the wire technology. Usually, powder is adapted for fine components and small parts whereas wire is used for structural components and large scale part. One of the main benefits of AM is to simplify assemblies by reducing the number of components and to provide a large freedom of design. A standard AM system consists of a combination of three blocks: a motion system, a heat source and a feedstock. For Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), the heat source is a welding generator and the feedstock is a wire. The motion system generally used is a 6 axis robot or a CNC machine. This paper aims to propose a methodology to generate 5 axis toolpaths for WAAM and highlight the main parameters which selection is a key issue to resolve. The goal is to compare 3 axis and 5 axis toolpaths on part accuracy, depending the clearance angle of the part.

2

Synsedimentary seismotectonic features in Triassic and Cretaceous sediments of the Intrasudetic Basin (U Devěti křížů locality) – regional implication

Wojewoda J., Rauch M., Kowalski A.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 2

355--364

EN

Synsedimentary deformation structures have been recognized in Triassic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Trutnov Basin, which build a structural and morphological elevation between Červený Kostelec and Upice. Very well preserved sand injection and collapse structures, strike-slip shearings and listric faults occur in the “U Devěti křížů” Quarry. Their shapes and spatial distribution strongly correspond to local tectonic structures within the Intrasudetic Shear Zone (ISZ), especially to the faults which bound the rhomb-shaped depressions and elevations. All these structural sub-units compose the Intrasudetic Basin Suite (IBS). The soft-sediment deformations developed in the shallow subsurface and most likely resulted from the dominantly extensional and strike-slip kinematics within the ISZ.

3

Powstawanie utworów chaotycznych związanych z nasunięciami, w świetle wyników modelowania analogowego

Rauch M.

Nafta-Gaz

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2015

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R. 71, nr 9

661--664

PL

Dotychczasowe badania terenowe w polskich Karpatach zewnętrznych prowadzone przez różnych badaczy dokumentują obecność utworów chaotycznych, które powstały w wyniku podmorskich ruchów masowych. Wychodnie utworów chaotycznych często występują w rejonie stref ścięć tektonicznych i mają charakter melanży tektonicznych związanych z nasunięciami. Wykorzystując metodę modelowania analogowego, przeprowadzono eksperyment dokumentujący sposób powstawania kompleksów chaotycznych w rejonie nasunięcia.

EN

Previous fieldwork in the Polish Outer Carpathians conducted by various researchers document the presence of chaotic complexes, the blocks in the matrix type, which were created as a result of underwater mass movements. The outcrops of the chaotic complexes frequently occur in the region of tectonic shear zones and are characteristic for tectonic mélanges connected with overthrusts. Using the analog modelling method, the experiment was performed documenting how the chaotic complexes are formed in the region of the overthrust.

4

Modelling of the die wear in the hot forging process using the Archard model

Wilkus M., Polak S., Gronostajski Z., Kaszuba M., Rauch M., Pietrzyk M.

Computer Methods in Materials Science

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2015

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Vol. 15, No.2

311--321

EN

In hot forging, die wear is the main cause of failure and cost of dies is a meaningful part of the manufacturing costs. In this paper, the wear analysis of a closed hot forging die used at the final stage of a component manufacturing has been performed. The simulation of forging process was carried out by commercial finite element software and the depth of wear was evaluated using Archard model. The results of the die wear measurements were used for identification of material parameters in the die wear model. Changes of the material parameter and hardness of the die material with increasing number of forgings were introduced in the model. By comparing the numerical results with measurements taken from the worn die, the accuracy of the model was evaluated for different points of the die surface. The parts of the die in which other than abrasive wear mechanism are active were identified.

PL

W procesach kucia na gorąco zużycie narzędzi jest główną przyczyną ich zniszczenia i koszty narzędzi są znaczącą częścią całkowitych kosztów produkcji. W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono analizę kucia w matrycach zamkniętych, stosowanego w końcowym etapie wytwarzania wyrobów kutych. Symulacje procesu kucia wykonano programem wykorzystującym metodę elementów skończonych połączoną z modelem Archarda i na podstawie tych symulacji określono wielkość zużycia ściernego. Wyniki pomiarów wielkości zużycia wykorzystano do identyfikacji parametrów materiałowych w modelu zużycia. Na podstawie porównania wyników obliczeń numerycznych z pomiarami matryc po odkuciu różnej liczby odkuwek oceniono dokładność modelu dla różnych punktów matrycy. Pozwoliło to na zidentyfikowanie obszarów matrycy, w których inne mechanizmy niż zużycie ścierne są odpowiedzialne za zużycie narzędzi.

5

Advanced open CNC system with in process tool path compensation

Hascoet J.-Y., Rauch M.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 14, No. 3

48--57

EN

Despite several technical advances over the last decade, CNC controlled manufacturing still bases upon outdated paradigms: manufacturing data are generated and transferred along a heterogeneous and divided CAD/CAM/CNC data chain. The role of the NC controller is limited to the execution of tool paths generated beforehand and the possibility of online tool path adaptation is not planned in legacy NC controllers. In contrast, practical observations make this legacy approach quite inappropriate in an industrial framework. Significant geometrical variability is sometimes observed both prior and after milling in parts that belong to the same batch. In that context, the integration of online tool path adaptation strategies appears to be essential. In this paper, a methodology for correcting the tool path in real-time thanks to measurements provided by a laser scanner moving with the tool is introduced. The resulting local information is used to approximate the workpiece exact geometry by using a POD (Prosper Orthogonal Decomposition) snapshot technique and to adjust the path in accordance. This method has the great advantage of taking into consideration geometrical features such as curvature, twist but also additional parameters whose impact on the tool path is significant (unexpected initial setup of the part for example). This method has been implemented on the advanced CNC programming platform of the laboratory, which hosts in particular a high speed machining centre equipped with an open NC controller.

6

The CETeG 2014 excursion to the Upper Nysa KłodzkaGraben, the Sudetes: morphotectonics and tectonics

Badura J., Rauch M.

Geologia Sudetica

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2014

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Vol. 42

161--166

7

Tectonics of the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben, the Sudetes

Badura J., Rauch M.

Geologia Sudetica

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2014

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Vol. 42

137--148

EN

The Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben is a geological unit well identifiable on geological, topographical and digital elevation model (DEM) maps. Tectonic activity in the area dates back to the Late Cretaceous, when the frames of the tectonic trough were formed due to the uplift of the Śnieżnik Massif Range in the east, Krowiarki Mts. Range in the north and the Bystrzyca Mts. and Orlicka Mts. ranges in the west. The total vertical displacement between the deepest locations in the graben and the highest peaks in the Śnieżnik Range varies between 1200 and 1700 m. The vertical differences in topographical relief of the graben basement exceed 500 m. Although the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben extends NNW–SSW, concordantly with the trend of mountain ridges in the Śnieżnik Range, subordinate tectonic structures within the graben trend N–S in its southern part near Králíky and NW–SE in the middle and northern parts. The trends of the subordinate tectonic structures are, thus, parallel to the main mountain ranges in the Orlica Mts., Bystrzyca Mts. and Krowiarki Mts. The most intensive vertical movements took place in the Late Touronian, Coniacian, at the turn of the Creataceous and Tertiary, in the Paleogene and Early Neogene. Although the Late Neogene and Quaternary activity in this area is not well documented, the vertical displacement along faults is assessed at ~70 m. The presence of volcanic rocks covering river gravels in Lądek Zdrój, thermal and mineral springs as well as the occurrence of minor earthquakes in historical times point to tectonic activity also in the Pleistocene. Recent tectonic activity in the Upper Nysa Kłodzka Graben area is evidenced by geodetic measurements and microseismicity recorded over the adjacent East Sudetes area.

8

Tectonic deformation of Miocene rocks in the frontal part of Polish Outer Carpathian foreland fold-and-thrust belt (Tarnow-Rzeszow region)

Rauch M.

Geologia Sudetica

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2014

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Vol. 42

78--79

9

Enhancing CNC manufacturing interoperability with STEP-NC

Rauch M., Laguionie R., Hascoet J.-Y., Xu X.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 9, No. 4

26--38

EN

Despite substantial improvements CNC manufacturing is still based on dated practices and habits. This is mostly due to the use of ISO 6983 standard (G-codes) combined with vendor specific formats to exchange CAD/CAM/ CNC information. The manufacturing sector is consequently made of a collection of disconnected elements that are difficult to make communicate together. On the contrary STEP-NC approach offers many opportunities to overtake the current situation and rethink CAD/CAM/CNC numerical chains. However, the actual integration of STEP-NC in industrial concerns is quite limited. It is essential to couple this innovative approach with existing equipments. This paper shows how STEP-NC can be an efficient way to reconcile today's interoperability and efficiency demands by introducing the association of two manufacturing platforms: SPAIM, developed at IRCCyN (France), and which controls current industrial machine tools directly from STEP-NC files and IIMP from the University of Auckland (New Zealand), which realizes data portability between heterogeneous proprietary formats, process interoperability. As a result, both approaches lead to improved supervision and integration of the machining systems.

10

Toolpaths programming in an intelligent Step_NC manufacturing context

Laguionie R., Rauch M., Hascoet J.-Y.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, No. 1

33-43

EN

The current language for CNC programming is G-code which dates from the beginning of the eighties with the norm ISO 6983. With the new technologies, G-code becomes obsolete. It presents drawbacks that create a rupture in the numerical chain at the manufacturing step. A new standard, Step_NC, aims to overtake these lacks. A Step_NC file includes all the information for manufacturing, as geometry description of the entities, workplan, machining strategies, tools, etc. For rough pocket milling, the ISO norms propose different kind of classical strategies as bidirectional, parallel or spiral contour, etc. This paper describes a new way of toolpath programming by the repetition of a pattern all along a guide curve. It presents several advantages as building fastness and easiness. The integration of pattern strategies in Step_NC standard is an other step for the development of these strategies but also for the enrichment of Step_NC possibilities. A complete Step_NC numerical chain was built, integrating these pattern strategies. The implementation of this approach of building pattern strategies was made by the development of tools for the complete manufacturing cycle, from the CAD file to the machined part. Several application cases were experimented on machine tool to validate this approach and the efficiency of the developed tools.

11

Pofałdowa dyspersja kierunków w strefie wygięcia płaszczowiny śląskiej w rejonie doliny Dunajca

Rauch M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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1999

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Vol. 47, nr 2

187-193

PL

Osie fałdów regionalnych badano we fragmencie płaszczowiny śląskiej, w rejonie doliny Dunajca. Płaszczowina ta tworzy łuk wypukły ku NNE i obszar badań zlokalizowany jest w strefie jej przegięcia. Orientacja osi fałdów regionalnych w płaszczowinie śląskiej zmienia się na granicach badanego regionu. Na wschód od tego regionu osie tych fałdów zorientowane są NW-SE, natomiast na zachód od niego osie fałdów są zorientowane W-E. Wykorzystując pomierzoną orientację uławicenia przeanalizowano orientację zrekonstruowanych osi fałdów regionalnych. W obrębie badanego regionu wydzielono 17 domen ograniczonych granicami tektonicznymi. Dla każdej z nich wykonano pomiary uławicenia. Rozkład danych na projekcjach uławicenia wykazuje zwykle zwarty, pasowy charakter. Zrekonstruowane osie fałdów regionalnych zanurzają się pod niewielkimi kątami, zwykle do 10° (maks. 12°). Orientacje osi tych fałdów wykazują dużą zmienność: od NNW-SSE, poprzez NW-SE i W-E (dominujący), aż po WSW-ENE. Tak dużą zmienność osi fałdów można tłumaczyć przefałdowaniem lub pofałdową rotacją domen względem siebie. Pasowe projekcje danych oraz cztery różne kierunki orientacji osi fałdów przemawiają za rotacją domen jako przyczyną rozrzutu orientacji osi. Rotacja ta mogła rozproszyć pierwotny, pojedynczy zespół fałdów. Rotacja miałaby miejsce po fałdowaniu, a wiec po późnym badenie (14 mln). Rotację taką mogłoby wywołać wyginanie się płaszczowiny śląskiej, a związana z tym ekstensja powodowałaby popękanie tej płaszczowiny w przegubowej strefie na bloki (domeny) oraz rotację tych bloków.

12

A pilot paleomagnetic study of the Polish segment of the Carpathian Foredeep

Marton E., Rauch M., Tokarski A. K.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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1999

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nr 387

140--141