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1

Review of Carbon Emission and Carbon Neutrality in the Life Cycle of Silk Products

Liu Shuyi, Liu Hong, Meng Yudong, Li Qizheng, Wang Laili

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Vol. 30, no. 2

1--7

EN

Silk is a distinctive and significant category of natural structural protein fiber. With a remarkable structure and versatility, silk has emerged as a topic of scientific study perennially because of its chemical, physical and biological properties. Meanwhile, in order to have an omnifaceted understanding of silk, the environmental performance of silk production is also worthy of attention. With the concern of global warming, efforts are increasingly focused on understanding and addressing carbon emission in the life cycle of silk products. However, the majority of current studies give priority to the carbon emission of either just one or a few stages of silk products’ life cycle, or to a specific type of silk product. On the basis of a review of literature on the life cycle assessment of silk products, this study presents a full-scale review of the quantification of the carbon emission and carbon neutrality of cocoon acquisition, industrial production of silk products, distribution, consumption, and recycling. The analysis revealed that the carbon sequestration by photosynthesis at the stage of cocoon acquisition could not be ignored. It is of importance to establish complete and unified system boundaries when quantifying carbon emissions in the industrial production of silk products. Reasonable models of washing times and washing modes are needed to assess carbon emissions in the domestic laundry of silk products. At the end of life phase of silk products, the positive impact on carbon emission in the phase of silk recycling is noteworthy. This study will help interested scholars, manufacturers and consumers to gain an in-depth understanding of the carbon emissions and carbon neutrality of silk products, and it is also of great value for exploring new production processes for reducing carbon emissions of silk products.

2

Carbon Footprint and Water Footprint of Cashmere Fabrics

Chen Bilin, Qian Weiran, Yang Yiduo, Liu Hong, Wang Laili

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2021

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Vol. 29, no. 4 (148)

94--99

EN

Given the serious problems of climate change, water shortage and water pollution, researchers have paid increasing attention to the concepts of the carbon footprint and water footprint as useful indices to quantify and evaluate the environmental impacts of the textile industry. In this study, assessment of the carbon footprints and water footprints of ten kinds of cashmere fabrics was conducted based on the PAS 2050 specification, the Water Footprint Network approach and the ISO 14046 standard. The results showed that knitted cashmere fabrics had a greater carbon footprint than woven cashmere fabrics. Contrarily, woven cashmere fabrics had a greater water footprint than knitted cashmere fabrics. The blue water footprint, grey water footprint and water scarcity footprint of combed sliver dyed woven cashmere fabric were the largest among the ten kinds of cashmere fabrics. The main pollutants that caused the grey water footprints of cashmere fabrics were total phosphorus (TP), chlorine dioxide, hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and sulfide. The leading contributors to the water eutrophication footprint were total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and TP. These typical pollutants contributed 39% ~ 48%, 23% ~ 28%, 12% ~ 24% and 12% ~ 14% to each cashmere product’s water eutrophication footprint, respectively. The leading contributors to the water ecotoxicity footprint were aniline, Cr (VI) and absorbable organic halogens discharged in the dyeing and finishing process.

PL

Biorąc pod uwagę poważne problemy związane ze zmianą klimatu, niedoborem i zanieczyszczeniem wody, naukowcy zwracają coraz większą uwagę na koncepcje śladu węglowego i śladu wodnego jako użytecznych wskaźników do ilościowego określenia i oceny wpływu przemysłu włókienniczego na środowisko. W pracy dokonano oceny śladów węglowych i wodnych dziesięciu rodzajów tkanin kaszmirowych w oparciu o specyfikację PAS 2050, podejście Water Footprint Network oraz normę ISO 14046. Wyniki pokazały, że dzianiny kaszmirowe miały większy ślad węglowy, niż tkaniny kaszmirowe. Natomiast, tkaniny kaszmirowe miały większy ślad wodny niż dzianiny kaszmirowe. Ślad wody niebieskiej, ślad wody szarej i ślad niedoboru wody czesanej tkaniny kaszmirowej barwionej na kolor srebrny były największe wśród dziesięciu rodzajów tkanin kaszmirowych. Głównymi zanieczyszczeniami, które powodowały ślady szarej wody na tkaninach kaszmirowych, były fosfor całkowity (TP), dwutlenek chloru, chrom sześciowartościowy (Cr (VI)) oraz siarczki. Głównymi czynnikami przyczyniającymi się do śladu eutrofizacji wody były azot całkowity, azot amonowy, chemiczne zapotrzebowanie na tlen i TP. Te typowe zanieczyszczenia przyczyniły się odpowiednio 39% ~ 48%, 23% ~ 28%, 12% ~ 24% i 12% ~ 14% do śladu eutrofizacji wody każdego produktu z kaszmiru. Głównymi czynnikami wpływającymi na ślad ekotoksyczności wody były anilina, Cr (VI) i absorbowalne halogenki organiczne uwalniane w procesie barwienia i wykańczania.

3

Assessment of PCB-contaminated soil pretreatment remediation by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)

Liu Xun, Ding Ning, Liu Hong, Chen Houwang

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2020

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Vol. 46, no. 1

53--61

EN

The present study thoroughly evaluated the eff ect of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on eluting of Aroclor1242 (one kind of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)) from contaminated soil. The factors that might aff ect eluting effi ciency including HP-β-CD concentration, contact time, eluting cycles, temperature, pH, salt content, humic acid, and ultrasonic were all tested to evaluate the PCBs eluting effi ciency by HP-β-CD. Results indicated that Aroclor1242 can be eluted eff ectively from soil by HP-β-CD solution, 81% of Aroclor1242 was eluted from soil by 50 g/L of HP-β-CD solution after three cycles eluting, and the eluting effi ciency was improved by increasing temperature and with ultrasonic. Furthermore, it was shown that the humic acid and extreme acidic/alkaline condition both decreased the eluting effi ciency. In addition, column eluting experiment was conducted to simulate the practical HP-β-CD eluting of Aroclor1242 from contaminated soil, 18% of the PCBs was eluted from the soil column by 10 g/L of HP-β-CD. Overall, the results indicated the high extract power of HP-β-CD toward PCBs polluted soil and potential use of HP-β-CD for in situ remediation of PCBs contaminated soils.

4

Effect of Emergence Angle on Acoustic Transmission in a Shallow Sea

Lu Yanyang, Yang Kunde, Liu Hong, Huang Chunlong

Archives of Acoustics

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2020

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Vol. 45, No. 1

3--9

EN

In this study, the effect of the emergence angle of a source array on acoustic transmission in a typical shallow sea is simulated and analyzed. The formula we derived for the received signal based on the Normal Mode indicates that the signal is determined by the beamform on the modes of all sources and the samplings of all modes at the receiving depth. Two characteristics of the optimal emergence angle (OEA) are obtained and explained utilizing the aforementioned derived formula. The observed distributions of transmission loss (TL) for different sources and receivers are consistent with the obtained characteristics. The results of this study are valuable for the development and design of active sonar detection.

5

Optimized compact finite diference scheme for frequency domain acoustic wave equation

Li Aman, Liu Hong

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 5

1391--1402

EN

Frequency-domain numerical simulation is the most important foundation of frequency-domain full-waveform inversion and reverse time migration. The accuracy of numerical simulation seriously afects the results of the seismic inversion and image. In this article, we develop an optimized compact finite diference scheme for acoustic wave equation in frequency domain to improve numerical simulation accuracy. For the sake of avoiding the extra memory and computational costs caused by solving the inverse of a pentadiagonal band matrix, we calculate the optimized compact finite diference discrete operator for the Laplace operator in the numerical simulation. Although the optimized compact finite diference scheme has only second-order formal accuracy, it has a spectral-like resolution feature. This method can significantly reduce the numerical dispersion and the numerical anisotropy. We fnd that the results of the optimized compact finite diference scheme agree well with the analytic solution according to accuracy analysis. Two numerical simulations are done to verify the theoretical analysis of the optimized compact finite diference scheme.