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First record of agglutinated worm tubes from the uppermost Cambrian of Estonia

Vinn Olev, Isakar Mare, Hedeny Magdy El, Almansour Mansour I., Alfarraj Saleh

Acta Geologica Polonica

2025

Vol. 75, no. 2

art. no. e41

A new species of agglutinated tube, Cryptosiphon oboloides sp. nov., is described from the Furongian of Estonia. The agglutinated tubes are composed of pieces of lingulate shells that are placed to form an overall pattern. The studied agglutinated tube strongly resembles cases of modern caddisfly larvae, though we do not suggest any phylogenetic affinity to caddisflies. The tubes originally contained an organic inner lining with a sticky external surface that enabled worms to glue on shell fragments and sand grains. The relatively well-arranged grains in the tube wall suggest that the animal actively assisted in gluing the shell fragments, orienting, and finding the right place for them. It is possible that worms capable of building agglutinated tubes from shell material originated in Baltica and later dispersed to the Armorican Terrane Assemblage and other regions in the Early to Middle Ordovician.

Syn vivo encrustation of Porambonites Pander, 1830 n(Brachiopoda) by craniid brachiopods in the Late Ordovician of Estonia

Vinn Olev, Isakar Mare, Almansour Mansour I., Farraj Saleh Al, Hedeny Magdy El

Acta Geologica Polonica

2024

Vol. 74, no. 3

art. no. e19

Two new brachiopod–brachiopod symbiotic overgrowths have been discovered from the Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Estonia. Both the Philhedra rivulosa–Porambonites sp. and the Petrocrania sp.–Porambonites sp. overgrowths were beneficial to the encrusting craniid and might have been slightly harmful to the host brachiopod. The craniids could have been facultative kleptoparasites. Our data show that craniids significantly preferred the smooth shells of Porambonites sp. over the coarsely ribbed shells of Platystrophia sp. and the moderately ribbed shells of Cyrtonotella sp. and Glossorthis sp. This suggests that, at least against craniids, having strong ribs could have been a successful antifouling strategy.