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A research device to control ignition and injection parameters for a spark - ignition engine

Grochowska K.

Journal of KONES

2012

Vol. 19, No. 1

155-162

This paper describes the possibility of controlling injection and ignition parameters of a spark-ignition engine performed with the author's controller. The modification of output signals according to given parameters of the interface is shown in this article. Simulations, supported by oscilloscope graphs, were performed using the controller designed to work with four-cylinder spark-ignition engine. This device allows modifying the ignition and injection parameters depending on the values entered in the author's interface on the PC. This interface enables a serial transmission through a RS 232 serial port and sending data to the microcontroller. The controller allows for a measurement of the values of the sensors and a generation of output signals for the actuators. The simulation done in this work involves the modification of injection and ignition angle parameters: ignition angle of advance (KWZ), injection angle of advance (KWW) and time parameters: time of injection (KW), time of ignition (KZ). Also shown in this article are possibilities of adapting the controller of the spark-ignition engine to a simultaneous, batched and sequential injection mode.

Nanostructuring of thin Au films by means of short UV laser pulses

Grochowska K., Nedyalkov N., Atanasov P., Śliwiński G.

Opto-Electronics Review

2011

Vol. 19, No. 3

327-332

The particle size distribution, morphology and optical properties of the Au nanoparticle (NP) structures for surface enhanced Raman signal (SERS) application are investigated in dependence on their preparation conditions. The structures are produced from relatively thin Au films (10-20 nm) sputtered on fused silica glass substrate and irradiated with several pulses (6 ns) of laser radiation at 266 nm and at fluencies in the range of 160-412 mJ/cm². The SEM inspection reveals nearly homogeneously distributed, spherical gold particles. Their initial size distribution of the range of 20-60 nm broadens towards larger particle diameters with prolonged irradiation. This is accompanied by an increase in the uncovered surface of the glass substrate and no particle removal is observed. In the absorption profiles of the nanostructures, the broad peak centred at 546 nm is ascribed to resonant absorption of surface plasmons (SPR). The peak position, halfwidth and intensity depend on the shape, size and size distribution of the nanostructured particles in agreement with literature. From peak intensities of the Raman spectra recorded for Rhodamine 6G in the range of 300-1800 cm⁻¹, the relative signal enhancement by factor between 20 and 603 for individual peaks is estimated. The results confirm that the obtained structures can be applied for SERS measurements and sensing.