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Individuals adjust their body reserves to dominance position within mixed flocks of the willow (Parus montanus) and the crested tit (P. cristatus) : a field experiment

Krams I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

1998

Vol. 46, no 2

207-216

Mixed-species flocks represent a prevalent sociality form of the forest wintering parids. Efficient use of time is of high survival value for individual foragers. It was found that in groups composed of willow (Parus montanus) and crested tits (P. cristatus) intraspecific competition appears to be more severe than interspecific interference. Decreasing time allocated to intraspecific aggressiveness, social individuals in mixed-species flocks supposedly increase their probability of survival till the next breeding season. Social dependence of the two tit species was controlled by observations of their fattening strategies.Willow tits were considered to substitute for the lacking crested tits, since replacement of their metabolized energy was found to be dependent on the influence of dominant crested tits.