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Peculiarities of Physiological Development and Formation of the Harvest of the Narrow-Leaved Lupine under Various Weather Conditions

Holodna Аntonina, Lyubchich Oleksandr, Krasiuk Liudmyla, Shliakhturov Denys, Kaminska Valentina, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Ivanovs Semjons, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 1

209--216

Success in growing an agricultural crop is considered to be the maximum realisation of the potential of a variety, as well as a stable level of its yield over the years. In the article, the results of studies, conducted with the narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) on the grey forest soil under the Forest-Steppe conditions were analysed. The peculiarities of the influence of hydrothermal conditions upon the duration of the period from sowing to the emergence of seedlings, interphase periods and the growing season, on the whole, were shown. An analysis of the influence of weather conditions over the years of the research and agrotechnical measures upon the generative development of the plants, the formation of the crop grain yield, as well as its quality upon the variant, recommended for production, in comparison with the control variant, was presented. The weather conditions that developed during the period from sowing to full ripeness of the narrow-leaved lupine plants differed significantly over the years of research, influenced the duration of the period from sowing to germination (from 7 to 15 days), the growing season of the crop, on the whole, (from 79 to 101 days), growth and development of plants, and – as a result– on the level of the yield. The seed yield in the experiment was unstable over the years even in the recommended production variant – from 3.28 to 2.10 t∙ha–1, that is, with a difference in the most favourable and unfavourable years of 1.18 t∙ha–1. The most favourable conditions for the formation of the crop were in 2016 on the variant, recommended for the production, and it provided for the application of N68P48K66, sowing lupine of the “Pobeditel” variety with an inter-row spacing of 45 cm, a seeding rate of 1.2 million germinating seeds t∙ha–1, treated with a bioinoculant with a bioprotectant, and also foliar top dressing with microfertiliser at the IV stage of plant organogenesis. The year 2020 turned out to be the most unfavourable, as evidenced by the minimum yield level of 2.10 t∙ha–1 and the index of the conditions of the year –0.51.

Research into Comparative Performance of Different Tillage and Fertilization Systems Applied to Grey Forest Soil of Forest Steppe in Grain Crop Rotation

Kaminskyi Viktor, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Tkachenko Mykola, Kolomiіets Mykola, Kaminska Valentina, Ptashnik Mykhailo, Ivanovs Semjons, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 12

163--178

The paper summarises the results of the comprehensive scientific research carried out in the form of a two-factor stationary experiment (5 primary tillage systems × 3 fertilization systems) with rotation (2016–2020) of cereal crops (winter wheat – grain maize – spring barley – soybean) in grey forest fine sand and light loam soil. The effectiveness of the tested agricultural production method has been proven by the amplitudes of the actual cropping capacities: winter wheat – 2.80–5.00 t∙ha–1; grain maize – 4.16–8.89 t∙ha–1; spring barley – 1.78–4.45 t∙ha–1; soybean – 1.02–3.17 t∙ha–1. The rehabilitation of the physical, agrochemical and biological status of the edatope and the consolidation of the physiological processes in the grain cenoses achieved by the systemic approach to the soil tillage and fertilisation have provided for an increase in the natural biological potential of the plough land by a factor of 1.3–1.8 (from 2.96 to 5.21 t∙ha–1 of grain units, units for the equivalent measuring of different plant cultivation products). Factographic justification has been provided for the environmental, technological and technical-and-economic feasibility of implementing agronomic technologies based on the adaptive combination of mouldboard and non-mouldboard tillage (to a depth of 6–45 cm) and organic and mineral fertilization system (6.5–7.0 t∙ha–1 of plant cultivation by-products + N70P58K68). In this case, the effective fertility of an area unit in crop rotation reaches 5.72 t∙ha–1 in grain units, the production cost of raised grain – 117 €∙t–1, the earning capacity – 788 € (ha∙year) –1, the level of plant cultivation profitability – 139%. In the comparable alternatives of the system-based soil tillage (every-year ploughing, subsurface blade tillage and especially tillage with disk implements), the indices estimated above are significantly lower.