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EN
Copper (II) oxide thin films were prepared by spray pyrolysis method on soda-lime glass substrates using copper acetate precursor solution. Influence of substrate temperature on structural and optical properties was investigated. Structural analysis of these layers were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Single phase nature and high crystallinity of CuO nanostructures were observed on XRD patterns. The general appearance of the films was uniform and black in color. FT-IR transmittance spectra confirmed the results from the XRD study. Selective solar absorber coatings of copper oxide (CuO) on stainless steel substrates was prepared by spray pyrolysis method. Effect of deposition temperature on optical properties of thin films was investigated. Optical parameters, absorbance (α) and emittance (α) were evaluated from reflectance data. It can be deduced that the porous structure, such as a light traps, can greatly enhance absorbance, while the composition, thickness and roughness of thin films can greatly influence the emissivity. Single phase nature and high crystallinity of CuO nanostructures were observed by XRD patterns. Solar absorbance of thin films were in the range of 85 % to 92 %.
2
Content available remote Demand Side Management Program for Residences in Iran
EN
In General residential sectors are the major consumers responsible for the peak load in Iran. However, the consumer satisfaction in residential area is important but there needs a method to control the peak load by using smart load controllers. In this work, a load control system is designed and applied in relation with the Iranian Social structure to reduce the intensity of the peak load.
PL
W artykule analizuje się komunalną sieć zasilania energią elektryczną. Na przykładzie takiej sieci w Iranie proponuje się metody zapobiegania przeciążeniom sieci.
EN
A hybrid active power filter comprising a b-shape C-type hybrid active power filter and an active electromagnetic filter is proposed in this paper. The active electromagnetic filter of the proposed topology consists of a three-phase Zig-Zag transformer and a half-bridge single-phase inverter connected in parallel with the b-shape C-type hybrid active power filter and the loads. The zero sequences of the load currents due to unbalancing and the triple order harmonics are compensate by the active electromagnetic filter. In this topology, compensation of the zero sequences is independent of the Zig-Zag transformer location. The b-shape C-type hybrid active power filter consists of a double tuned parallel passive filter and a half-bridge three-phase inverter. Using the active electromagnetic filter reduces rated power of the active part of the b-shape C-type hybrid active power filter effectively. The proposed configuration is applicable in high voltage grid (up to 20kV) due to the series capacitor of the b-shape C-type hybrid active power filter and the Zig-Zag transformer of the active electromagnetic filter. The steady state compensation and the resonance-damping characteristics of the proposed topology are analyzed in this paper. The hybrid active power filter is simulated and the simulation results are provided to validate effectiveness of the topology and the design considerations.
PL
W artykule analizuje się aktywny filtr mocy wykorzystujący aktywny filtr elektromagnetyczny. Filtr elektromagnetyczny składa się z trójfazowego transformatora w topologii Zig-Zag i półmostkowego jednofazowego przekształtnika połączonego równolegle do hybrydowego filtru aktywnego typu C. (Hybrydowy filtr mocy z elektromagnetycznym filtrem aktywnym)
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