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1

Nanostructured targets for TNSA laser ion acceleration

Torrisi L., Calcagno L., Cutroneo M., Badziak J., Rosinski M., Zaras-Szydlowska A., Torrisi A.

Nukleonika

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2016

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Vol. 61, No. 2

103--108

EN

Nanostructured targets, based on hydrogenated polymers with embedded nanostructures, were prepared as thin micrometric foils for high-intensity laser irradiation in TNSA regime to produce high-ion acceleration. Experiments were performed at the PALS facility, in Prague, by using 1315 nm wavelength, 300 ps pulse duration and an intensity of 1016 W/cm2 and at the IPPLM, in Warsaw, by using 800 nm wavelength, 40 fs pulse duration, and an intensity of 1019 W/cm2. Forward plasma diagnostic mainly uses SiC detectors and ion collectors in time of fl ight (TOF) confi guration. At these intensities, ions can be accelerated at energies above 1 MeV per nucleon. In presence of Au nanoparticles, and/or under particular irradiation conditions, effects of resonant absorption can induce ion acceleration enhancement up to values of the order of 4 MeV per nucleon.

2

Numerical simulations of generation of high-energy ion beams driven by a petawatt femtosecond laser

Domański J, Badziak J., Jabłoński S.

Nukleonika

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2015

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Vol. 60, No. 2

229--232

EN

This contribution presents results of a Particle-in-Cell simulation of ion beam acceleration via the interaction of a petawatt 25 fs laser pulse of high intensity (up to ~1021 W/cm2) with thin hydrocarbon (CH) and erbium hydride (ErH3) targets of equal areal mass density (of 0.6 g/m2). A special attention is paid to the effect that the laser pulse polarization and the material composition of the target have on the maximum ion energies and the number of high energy (>10 MeV) protons. It is shown that both the mean and the maximum ion energies are higher for the linear polarization than for the circular one. A comparison of the maximum proton energies and the total number of protons generated from the CH and ErH3 targets using a linearly polarized beam is presented. For the ErH3 targets the maximum proton energies are higher and they reach 50 MeV for the laser pulse intensity of 1021 W/cm2. The number of protons with energies higher than 10 MeV is an order of magnitude higher for the ErH3 targets than that for the CH targets.

3

High Power Laser Laboratory at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion : equipment and preliminary research

Zaraś-Szydłowska A., Badziak J., Rosiński M., Makowski J., Parys P., Piotrowski M., Ryć L., Wołowski J.

Nukleonika

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2015

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Vol. 60, No. 2

245--248

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the newly-opened High Power Laser Laboratory (HPLL) at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM). This article describes the laser, the main laboratory accessories and the diagnostic instruments. We also present preliminary results of the first experiment on ion and X-ray generation from laser-produced plasma that has been already performed at the HPLL.

4

Experimental results on advanced inertial fusion schemes obtained within the HiPER project

Batani D., Gizzi L. A., Koester P., Labate L., Honrubia J., Antonelli L., Morace A., Volpe L., Santos J. J., Schurtz G., Hulin S., Ribeyre X., Nicolai P., Vauzour B., Dorchies F., Nazarov W., Pasley J., Richetta M., Lancaster K., Spindloe Ch., Tolley M., Neely D., Kozlová M., Nejdl J., Rus B., Wołowski J., Badziak J.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 1

3-10

EN

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted within the Work Package 10 (fusion experimental programme) of the HiPER project. The aim of these experiments was to study the physics relevant for advanced ignition schemes for inertial confinement fusion, i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition. Such schemes allow to achieve a higher fusion gain compared to the indirect drive approach adopted in the National Ignition Facility in United States, which is important for the future inertial fusion energy reactors and for realising the inertial fusion with smaller facilities.

5

Laser nuclear fusion: current status, challenges and prospect

Badziak J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 4

729-738

EN

In 2009, in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, National Ignition Facility (NIF) - the largest thermonuclear fusion device ever made was launched. Its main part is a multi-beam laser whose energy in nanosecond pulse exceeds 1MJ (106 J). Its task is to compress DT fuel to the density over a few thousand times higher than that of solid-state DT and heat it to 100 millions of K degrees. In this case, the process of fuel compression and heating is realized in an indirect way - laser radiation (in UV range) is converted in the so-called hohlraum (1 cm cylinder with a spherical DT pellet inside) into very intense soft X radiation symmetrically illuminating DT pellet. For the first time ever, the fusion device's energetic parameters are sufficient for the achieving the ignition and self-sustained burn of thermonuclear fuel on a scale allowing for the generation of energy far bigger than that delivered to the fuel. The main purpose of the current experimental campaign on NIF is bringing about, within the next two-three years, a controlled thermonuclear 'big bang' in which the fusion energy will exceed the energy delivered by the laser at least ten times. The expected 'big bang' would be the culmination of fifty years of international efforts aiming at demonstrating both physical and technical feasibility of generating, in a controlled way, the energy from nuclear fusion in inertial confined plasma and would pave the way for practical realization of the laser-driven thermonuclear reactor. This paper briefly reviews the basic current concepts of laser fusion and main problems and challenges facing the research community dealing with this field. In particular, the conventional, central hot spot ignition approach to laser fusion is discussed together with the more recent ones - fast ignition, shock ignition and impact ignition fusion. The research projects directed towards building an experimental laser-driven thermonuclear reactor are presented as well.

6

Calibration and applications of modern track detectors CR-39/PM-355 in nuclear physics and high temperature plasma experiments

Malinowska A., Szydłowski A., Jaskóła M., Korman A., Sartowska B., Sadowski M. J., Badziak J., Żebrowski J.

Nukleonika

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2008

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Vol. 53, suppl. 2

15--19

EN

Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) have been used for the registration of charged particles practically since the beginning of the 1960s, when a new class of detectors, called dielectric track detectors, were discovered. The paper describes applications of the SSNTDs type PM-355 for diagnostics of fusion-reaction protons and other ions emitted from plasma focus (PF) devices, tokamaks and laser facilities. Such detectors were also used in biomedical experiments for beam profile measurements. The results of our calibration studies of SSNTDs as well as charged particle- and biomedical measurements, which were carried out within different facilities, are presented.

7

Laser-driven generation of fast particles

Badziak J.

Opto-Electronics Review

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2007

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Vol. 15, No. 1

1-12

EN

The great progress in high-peak-power laser technology has resulted recently in the production of ps and subps laser pulses of PW powers and relativistic intensities (up to 10²¹ W/cm²) and has laid the basis for the construction of multi-PW lasers generating ultrarelativistic laser intensities (above 10²³ W/cm²). The laser pulses of such extreme parameters make it possible to produce highly collimated beams of electrons or ions of MeV to GeV energies, of short time durations (down to subps) and of enormous currents and current densities, unattainable with conventional accelerators. Such particle beams have a potential to be applied in numerous fields of scientific research as well as in medicine and technology development. This paper is focused on laser-driven generation of fast ion beams and reviews recent progress in this field. The basic concepts and achievements in the generation of intense beams of protons, light ions, and multiply charged heavy ions are presented. Prospects for applications of laser-driven ion beams are briefly discussed.

8

Fast ion generation by a picosecond high-power laser

Badziak J., Parys P., Wołowski J., Hora H., Krasa J., Laska L., Rohlena K.

Optica Applicata

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2005

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Vol. 35, nr 1

5-22

EN

Recent progress in ultrashot-pulse high-power laser technology has resulted in the production of exstremely high light intensities aproaching 1020 W / cm2. The great non-linear forces generated by the laser pulse during its interaction with plasma can be used to accelerate electrons and ions to energies from hundreds of keV to hundreds of MeV over distances of only microns. This creates the prospect of construction of compact laser-based particle acceleraton rs and thier application in material science, medicine, nuclear physics, and inerial confinement fusion. In this paper, the results of our recent studies on fast ion generation in plasma produced by an intense 1-ps laser pulse, performed using the terawatt Nd:glass laser at Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) in Warsaw, are briefly reviewed. The properties of fast proton beams generated from thin foil targets of various structures as well as the heavy ion fluxes emitted from massive high-Z targets are discussed. The possibility of producing picosecond ion beams of ultrahigh ion current densities (1010 A/cm2 close to the target) is considered. The most important features of fast ion generation in the plasmas produced by ultrashort ( 1 ps ) and long ( 0.5 ns ) laser pulses are also compared.

9

Studies of ion fluxes emitted from picosecond and nanosecond laser-produced plasmas

Badziak J., Parys P., Wołowski J., Woryna E.

Journal of Technical Physics

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2004

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Vol. 45, no 1

3-20

EN

Energetic ions emitted from plasmas produced by the interaction of intense laser pulses with solid targets are currently a subject of growing interest due to the possibility of unique applications in accelerator technology, nuclear physics, material science and medicine. Depending on the kind of application, different parameters of the ion fluxes are required, and various conditions of laser-target interaction must be considered. In this paper, selected results of our recent studies of ion emission from plasmas produced by laser pulses of duration from ~ 1 ps to ~ 1 ns and of intensities from 10^10 W/cm^2 to 10^17 W/cm^2 are reviewed. The characteristics of both heavy ion fluxes emitted from massive high-Z targets and proton beams generated from thin foil targets of various structures are presented. Some basic properties of ion fluxes produced in various experimental conditions are discussed. The effect of external magnetic field on the ion emission is demonstrated.

10

X-ray emission from high-intensity interaction of picosecond and subnanosecond laser pulses with solid targets

Badziak J., Jabłoński S., Makowski J., Parys P., Ryć L., Vankov A.B., Wołowski J., Woryna E.

Optica Applicata

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2002

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Vol. 32, nr 1-2

41-46

EN

The results of comparison of X-ray emission from plasmas produced by 1-ps and 0.5-ns laser pulses from massive and foil targets are reported. The measurements were performed for the soft (0.8-1.6 keV) and hard (4-30 keV) X-rays with the use of filtered p-i-n Si photodiodes at laser intensities of up to 10/sup 17/ W/cm/sup 2/ for ps pulses and up to 3 * 10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/ for sub-ns ones. The effect of the laser pulse duration on the X-ray yields for various laser beam focal spots, laser pulse energies and atomic numbers of the targets were investigated.

11

Studies of plasma and craters produced by the interaction of high-energy sub-nanosecond laser with silver target

Woryna E., Badziak J., Parys P., Suchańska R., Wołowski J., Krása J., Láska L., Pfeifer M., Rohlena K., Ullschmied J.

Nukleonika

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2002

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Vol. 47, nr 4

147-150

EN

The results of measurements of microablation from a silver target irradiated by the high-power PALS laser system in Prague are presented. In this experiment the laser beam of energy of about 110 J in a 400 ps pulse was focused perpendicularly to the massive silver target. The target surface position was changed with respect to the focal spot of the laser beam in the range from -2.5 to 2.5 mm. A set of four ion collectors was used for plasma ion emission measurements. The effect of the laser pulse interaction with the target, i.e. craters and damages formed in the vicinity of the craters, were investigated with the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy methods. The characteristics of the crater were compared with the essential parameters of ion streams emitted from the plasma produced in the same laser shot.

12

Focusing large-aperture beams generated by high-peak-power lasers

Jabłoński S., Badziak J.

Optica Applicata

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2001

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Vol. 31, nr 3

625-634

EN

The properties of focusing large-aperture fight beams of parameters typical of the beams produced by picosecond terawatt lasers are analysed numerically with the use of 3-D computer code based on Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral formula. It is shown that, contrary to the case of small-aperture Gaussian-like beams, a peak intensity of light in the focus is a non-monotonic function of f/D with a local maximum at moderate f/D values (5 [left angle bracket]or= f/D [left angle bracket]or= 10), where f is the focal length and D is the aperture of a focusing system. For low f/D values (f/D [left angle bracket] 3) more than 80% of laser energy is scattered after focusing in a low-intensity large-dimension aureole round the central peak of focal intensity distribution. The amount of the scattered energy can be significantly decreased by an increase of f/D, and, as a result, the moderate values of this ratio seem to be optimum for most laser-target experiments. The above features appear for both spherical and aspherical focusing systems.

13

Effect of a laser beam focus position on ion emission from plasmas produced by picosecond and sub-nanosecond laser pulses from solid targets.

Woryna E., Badziak J., Makowski J., Parys P., Wołowski J., Krasa J., Laska L., Rohlena K., Vankov A.B.

Optica Applicata

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2001

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Vol. 31, nr 4

791-798

EN

The dependences of parameters of laser-produced ion fluxes on the laser focus position with respect to the target surface for picosecond laser pulses are presented and compared with the ones for sub-nanosecond pulses at nearly the same densities of laser energy. The experiments were performed with the use of chirped-pulse-amplification Nd:glass laser system. Thick Au targets were irradiated by normally incident laser pulses. The maximum intensities of the focused laser beams were 8 * 10/sup 16/ and 2 * 10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/ for ps and sub-ns laser pulses, respectively. The particle fluxes were analysed with the use of ion collectors and an electrostatic ion-energy analyser. The ion current densities and the charges carried by ions as well as the maximum and peak velocities of fast and thermal ion groups as a function of the focus position for ps and sub-ns pulses were determined.

14

Self-phase modulation of temporary overlapped chirped pulses.

Vankov A., Badziak J.

Optica Applicata

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2000

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Vol. 30, nr 2-3

431-442

EN

A self-phase modulation at amplification of temporary overlapped chirped, pulses is investigated. The analytical and numerical calculations are used to predict the effects of prepulse intensity increasing and additional satellites arising after recompression as well as the effects of spectrum broadening and shape distortion of the pulses. The experimental results are presented that agree well with the calculations.

15

High-peak-power lasers at the IPPLM, Warsaw.

Badziak J.

Optica Applicata

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2000

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Vol. 30, nr 1

5-25

EN

A short review of major achievements in research on high-peak-power lasers carried on for over twenty years at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM) is carried out. The most important trends in the IPPLM's research on high-peak-power neodymium, CO/sub 2/ and excimer lasers are discussed. The largest laser systems built within the scope of this research, particularly four-beam nanosecond 100-GW and picosecond terawatt Nd:glass lasers and nanosecond 10-GW CO/sub 2/ laser are presented.

16

High-intensity interaction of picosecond laser pulses with metal target.

Badziak J., Makowski J., Parys P., Ryć L., Wołowski J., Woryna E., Vankov A.

Optica Applicata

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2000

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Vol. 30, nr 1

83-92

EN

The results of experimental investigation of the interaction of picosecond light pulses with a Cu target at light intensities up to 3.10/sup 16/ W/cm/sup 2/ are presented and discussed. The experiment was performed with the use of a terawatt chirped-pulse-amplification Nd:glass laser and the apparatus for corpuscular (ion collectors, electrostatic ion energy analyser) and X-ray (p-i-n Si photodiode) diagnostics of laser-produced plasma. The charge spectra of ions emitted from a picosecond plasma as well as the energy-dependent (or intensity-dependent) characteristics of ion emission and soft X-ray yield are determined. The electron temperature and the average charge state of the plasma are evaluated as a function of light intensity.

17

Direct comparison of reflectivity of picosecond and subnanosecond high-intensity light pulses from a metal target.

Badziak J., Makowski J., Piotrowski M.

Optica Applicata

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2000

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Vol. 30, nr 4

757-763

EN

The specular reflectivities of picosecond and subnanosecond high-intensity light pulses from a gold target are investigated and compared. It is found that the reflectivity for a picosecond pulse is several times higher than for a subnanosecond one and that dependences of the reflectivity on light pulse energy or intensity are different for both kinds of pulses. A qualitative explanation of the observed features of reflectivity is provided.

18

Reflection of ultra-intense picosecond light pulse from metal target.

Badziak J., Makowski J., Parys P., Woryna E.

Optica Applicata

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1999

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Vol. 29, nr 3

393-399

EN

The dependence of specular reflectivity of a picosecond ligh pulse from a metal (Cu) target - placed perpendicularly to direction of incident light -on the light intensity in the intensity range 3x10 14 - 3x10 16 W/cm is investigated experimentally. It has been found that , contrary to the experiments with high-contrast femtosecond pulses, the reflectivity decreases as light intensity increases to the value ~7x10 15 W/cm2, and above this intensity the value of the reflectivity is provided, assuming that the interaction of the main picosecond pulse with the target is modifield by a short-lasting (<1 ns) prepulse producing an expanding preplasma on the target surface.

19

Mirrorless interferometer of Michelson type based on single-mode waveguide with semiconductor laser.

Badziak J., Pałka D., Wyżliński A.

Optica Applicata

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1999

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Vol. 29, nr 1-2

239-241

EN

In this paper we describe the mirrorless interferometer of Michelson type which enables investigations of the vibrations in situ. The interferometer was tested by vibration amplitude measurements of the vibrating piezoelectric plate.